I sent you privately the generic protocol for tape and round worm infections.
Invermectin seams to be the drug of choice for screw worms.
If you do have a screw worm, I can only add the fo ....
I sent you privately the generic protocol for tape and round worm infections.
Invermectin seams to be the drug of choice for screw worms.
If you do have a screw worm, I can only add the following:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochliomyia
Human management
Primary screwworms are primary, obligate
parasites in the larval stage, and as a result are capable, unlike secondary screwworms, of initialising the penetration of the skin barrier to create an entry wound. Despite this, they are most commonly seen as colonisers of previously existing wounds, and frequently are hatched from eggs laid at the perimeter of a wound. Once the infestation commences, a dark brown or reddish-brown discharge begins leaking from the wound, sometimes accompanied by an unpleasant smell as the flesh begins to decay. This is often the first sign in both livestock and human victims that something is amiss, and often initiates consultation with a professional. As the infestation increases, the victim begins to experience escalating tissue irritation, and in the case of domesticated animals, may be observed to become withdrawn, listless, and anorexic.[5][15]
Once the process of clinical diagnosis begins and myiasis is recognised, the larvae are fairly easy to identify. Their overall body structure resembles the spiraled screw shape on which their common name is based, a shape fairly unique within parasitic larvae. The cranial end of the larvae possess two sharply curved hooks, generally dark in color, and distinctive spiracle patterns will be observed at the caudal end. The most identifying features, and the easiest way to differentiate between C. hominivorax and C. macellaria, are the prominent darkened tracheal tubes which are visible in the final third of the larval body of the former, and are often visible both with a microscope and to the naked eye.[5][15]
Treatment of the victim can be time-consuming and, due to the high incidence of secondary infection, frustrating, but with decisive treatment, a surprisingly positive result is often achieved in all but the worst cases. The obvious first step is the manual removal of the maggots, generally using tweezers or forceps to seize the larva at the posterior end as the spiracles emerge to allow respiration. Once all larvae have been removed, a topical
Antibiotic smear is applied, often with an oral
Antibiotic accompaniment. Necrotic tissue may need to be debrided, which can be a painful process. A loose dressing is essential to allow continued fluid drainage from the wound.[5][15]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4356694/
Turpentine oil packing was done to immobilize the maggots. Mechanical debridement of the wound was done, and freely moving maggots were removed with the help of forceps, under local anesthesia using 4% xylocaine (Figure 4). Regular dressing of the wound was done, with removal of maggots, for next 4 days. The patient was treated with intravenous amoxicillin sodium/potassium clavulanate 1.2 gm given 8 hourly and ibuprofen 400 mg twice daily for 3 days, followed by oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 625 mg twice daily for 5 days. A single dose of albendazole 400 mg tablet was also given. Local application of moxifloxacin 0.5% ointment to the right eye for 1 week was advised. The wound started to heal, with granulation tissue formation, and healing was completed by the end of 2 weeks (Figure 5).
There are 12 species in the genus Chrysomya, most of which are known to cause myiasis in animals. In the literature, only C. bezziana and Cochliomyia hominivorax have been implicated in causing ophthalmomyiasis in living humans.8 The adult fly of Chrysomya is green or blue-green in color and feeds on decaying matter, excreta, and flowers. Approximately 150–200 eggs at a time are laid by the female adult, on exposed wounds and mucous membranes of the mouth, ears, and nose. After 24 hours, eggs hatch, and larvae burrow deep into the living tissue in a screwlike fashion, completing their development while feeding on host tissue for 5–7 days. Thereafter they fall to the ground to pupate. The pupal stage is temperature-dependent, with sexual maturation in approximately 1 week to 2 months. Thus it takes 2–3 months to complete their life cycle.9
Various methods for removal of the maggots have been documented. The basic principle involves either suffocating the larvae and forcing them out or first paralyzing them followed with mechanical debridement as shown in Table 1.15–20 Systemic treatment with broad-spectrum
Antibiotics , such as amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, metronidazole, and cefazolin are indicated to prevent secondary bacterial infections.21
Antiparasitic drugs such as ivermectin, a semisynthetic macrocyclic lactone, can be used in cases of advanced orbital myiasis, in a dose of 200 μg/kg.22 Ivermectin blocks the nerve impulses through the release of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in palsy and death of larvae.23
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