"A spring is the result of an aquifer being filled to the point that the water overflows onto the land surface. They range in size from intermittent seeps, which flow only after much rain, to huge pools flowing hundreds of millions of gallons daily."
an artesian well is a well that taps into a pressurized underground water chamber, once this chamber has been tapped, the waer naturally rises to the surface. the difference between an artesian well and a natural spring is that hte natural spring water bubbles up to the surface all on its own, an artesian well needs the help of man to do it.
and yes, water aquifers can get contaminated, this can happen. but a true aquifer cannot get contaminated by rain that fell last week. aquifers are fed by water seeping thru bedrock, thus if they get contaminated it happens over a long period of time, like chemicals slowly leaching into the ground water over many years.