Re: PLEASE HELP!! Worms in urine

Black Cherry Juice Concentrate:

A Study I saved, do not know the source.

oxidative dammage cherry juice dumps proteins

The present study was not designed to examine the specific cellular mechanisms whereby the phytonutrients in tart cherry juice exert their protective effects. However, at least 3 proposed mechanisms for the actions of anthocyanins may be relevant. For instance, anthocyanins can work as direct free radical scavengers through electron transferring and are effective electron donators (22). However, anthocyanins are poorly absorbed and rapidly cleared. Therefore, whether the anthocyanin concentration was sufficient to act by this mechanism seems unlikely. Of more relevance may be the ability of anthocyanins to form cyanidin-DNA complexes that resist oxidative damage (23,24). The reduction of oxidative damage to DNA in vivo after intervention with the tart cherry juice may be attributable to this mechanism. Perhaps the most relevant potential mechanism whereby tart cherry juice might convey increased resistance is the capacity of anthocyanins to activate xenobiotic responses. Activation of nrf-2 by a number of polyphenols

increases expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes (25–27), which can directly act to eliminate free radicals and oxidatively damaged molecules.

measured markers of oxidative stress (plasma malondialdehyde, 3-nitro-l-tyrosine) and antioxidant activity (total plasma antioxidant capacity, whole blood glutathione peroxidase) before and after a 16-wk exercise intervention. At each time point, these markers were measured in blood samples collected before (at rest) and immediately after a graded exercise test (acute stimulus). The greatest changes after intervention were in response to the acute stimulus rather than the changes at rest, suggesting an improved ability to dynamically upregulate antioxidant response genes. Dynamic upregulation of antioxidant defenses has been demonstrated in other studies using acute stimuli such as eccentric exercise (32) or ozone exposure (33) or in response to a meal (34–36).

While the tart cherry juice intervention did not have significant effects on urinary levels of F2-isoprostanes or protein oxidative damage, there was a significant decrease in oxidatively damaged nucleic acids. Lowering of nucleic acid adducts may have an important implication in cancer prevention (37). Because anthocyanins form complexes with nucleic acid that are resistant to oxidation, the decrease in 8-OHdG and 8-oxo-G levels most likely reflects a selective decrease in nucleic acid oxidation rather than a decrease in systemic formation or clearance of reactive oxygen species under resting conditions. However, because oxidatively damaged nucleic acids have a longer half-life than lipids or proteins, we cannot rule out the possibility that sampling first-morning void urine missed changes in these markers that would have been seen if urine was taken more immediately after consumption of the juice. A recent study found that anthocyanins and their metabolites are rapidly eliminated in urine, with 94% excreted in the first 6 h after consumption (38). In our study, the urine samples were collected as first-morning void samples, which are presumably 10–12 h after last consuming the tart cherry juice (in the afternoon of the preceding day). Nevertheless, our results are in agreement with Weisel et al. (19), who found reduced oxidative DNA damage after a 4-wk intervention with an anthocyanin-/polyphenolic-rich fruit juice but no change in urinary isoprostanes. In addition, Bub et al. (39) showed reduced oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after a 2-wk intervention with fruit juice high in anthocyanins and flavonols in healthy young men. Tweet