root canals can be filled with metal posts. After the dentist hollows out the canal and cleans it up, s/he takes an impression of the canal and sends it to a lab. The lab makes a post out of an alloy that must fit perfectly in the canal with only a film like clearance for cement or bonding material which is applied to secure the post in the tooth.
These posts should be made out of a biocompatible alloy such as gold but i've seen them made out of cheap crappy metal as well.
I have made probably thousands of these posts during a twenty year period when i was a dental lab technician.
And yes, problems can arise later but 90% of the time it's either dentist's fault or the lab's fault (or both). Same goes for crowns, if they are not done properly they will eventually fail.