Re: Duty cycle and Even Harmonics

>- Something wrong?

Yes! The asumption that only one main frequency is present. A single frequency will only have one main frequency and WILL be exactly 50 percent duty cycle. Any deviation from 50 percent duty cycles will generate two fundemental frequencies ( one half cycle of each ) and a set of harmonics for each. The other harmonics are there. Just look and you will see.

>- what my instruments shows me

Your instruments are no better than their resolution.
You can look up in the night sky and see many stars of many different sizes and distances, but you can not tell how big they are or what planets circle them because your eyes can not resolve that small of an angle.

>- My final point in this is that I’m making an astonishing amount of harmonics, many of them in the pathogen band. Odd? Even? A LOT could be the good answer I look for.

This is exactly what I am trying to point out. Technically, they are not the even frequencies but they are a combination of many frequencies, some positively reinforcing and some negatively.

>- I continue to maintain that :
“Almost any duty cycle on a square wave, but a PERFECT 50/50 will produce ... ”

I absolutely agree that two sets of harmonics will be produced and again, this has been my point all along. A few of the even harmonics will only be produced in some special duty cycles. By mathematical law, even harmonics will produce a sawtooth waveform, never a square wave.

>- And I continue to believe that it is possible to make more than odd harmonics only, with a square or pulsed repetitive wave, in purpose.

I absolutely agree to the extent that there will be 2 sets of harmonics in a non-symetrical square wave.

Again, the mathematical result of even harmonics is a sawtooth wave. This is not present in the waveforms that I have seen.

Additionally, I will give another clue to this dilema.

Sine waves at the MOR are not effective and neither are sawtooth waves except in the case where the leading edge rises as sharply as a square wave.

The reason?

Treat the microbe as a capacitor. A slow rise allows the capacitor to gradually adjust to the charge. A sharp impules, however, causes the cell to open pores wides than normal to try to adjust to the rapidly changing potential. If the microbial cell does not adjust quickly enough, the charge across the wall forces disruption of the membrane. The subsequent rising and falling levels will continue to disrupt the cell structure with the optimum effect occuring at the MOR.

Do this simple test, Draw a square wave, then add the second harmonic to it, then add the 4th, then if you are not convinced, add the 6th, 8th, 10th.

Hmmmm, Definitely not square in any respect.