Austin please do not take this as hostile. I am just trying to figure out where you are coming from.
Jesus constantly tried to demonstrate that people did not understand the Law. Especially supplemental and Levitical law.
The ten commandments is different than the supplemental and ceremonial laws that Jesus often took odds with. So he was not throwing them out he was showing how they had been perverted.
To this day a common misuse of the Levitical law is the resting of your land every seven years. The law says YOU may not work the land. So many sell the land for one year so it can be worked by a non Jew then get it back when the year is over. Another glaring instance is when Jesus said if you think it it is the same as doing it. He was just letting them Know that they did not grasp the full extent of the law