Re: Proper stoichiometric mixing of 22.4% MMS solution with 50% citric acid solution
Updated Feb. 02, 2010. Thanks to SilverFox who pointed out that the citric acid activator is mixed by volume and the MMS solution by weight! In case that some vendors prepare the citric acid solution by weight, I present both in this table. The orange column shows the number of drops for citric acid solutions prepared with concentrations by volume, probably the most common.
I have compiled a lookup table for accurate stoichiometric number of activator drops for a given number of MMS drops and activator percentage used.
Please note that my earlier calculations were based on volume percentages of the solutions, which were incorrect! The MMS solutions are (or should be) prepared by 'weight percentage', while the citric acid solutions are prepared by 'volume percentage'. The other activator solutions are probably mixed by 'weight percentage'. At the bottom of the table I explain what is calculated in each row of the table.
| Units | MMS | Salt | H2O | Citric Acid | Critric Acid | Critric Acid | Critric Acid | Lemon Juice | Vinegar | Tartaric Acid | Tartaric Acid | HCl | |
| Molar Weight | g/mol | 90.5 | 58.443 | 18.02 | 210.14 | 210.14 | 210.14 | 210.14 | 210.14 | 60.05 | 150.09 | 150.09 | 36.46 |
| Density | g/cm^3 | 2.5 | 2.165 | 1 | 1.665 | 1.665 | 1.665 | 1.665 | 1.665 | 1.049 | 1.76 | 1.76 | 1.18 |
| Valence | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Concentration by Volume% | %cm^3/cm^3 | 50.0% | 10.0% | ||||||||||
| Concentration by Weight% | %g/g | 22.4% | 5.6% | 72.0% | 50.0% | 10.0% | 6.0% | 6.0% | 6.0% | 50.0% | 8.0% | ||
| Density of Solution | g/cm^3 | 1.20 | 1.25 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.28 | 1.01 | ||||
| Volume per g Solution | cm^3/g | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 0.99 | ||||
| Molarity | mol/L | 2.96 | 3.96 | 0.79 | 2.97 | 0.50 | 0.29 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 4.25 | 2.22 | ||
| Molarity*Valence | mol/L | 2.96 | 11.88 | 2.38 | 8.92 | 1.49 | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 4.25 | 2.22 | ||
| Drops | 1 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 7.2 | 0.7 | 1.3 | |||
| Drops | 2 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 14.4 | 1.4 | 2.7 | |||
| Drops | 3 | 0.7 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 8.9 | 21.7 | 2.1 | 4.0 | |||
| Drops | 4 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 8.0 | 13.5 | 11.8 | 28.9 | 2.8 | 5.3 | |||
| Drops | 5 | 1.2 | 6.2 | 1.7 | 10.0 | 16.9 | 14.8 | 36.1 | 3.5 | 6.7 | |||
| Drops | 6 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 2.0 | 12.0 | 20.3 | 17.7 | 43.3 | 4.2 | 8.0 | |||
| Drops | 7 | 1.7 | 8.7 | 2.3 | 14.0 | 23.6 | 20.7 | 50.5 | 4.9 | 9.3 | |||
| Drops | 8 | 2.0 | 10.0 | 2.7 | 16.0 | 27.0 | 23.7 | 57.8 | 5.6 | 10.7 | |||
| Drops | 9 | 2.2 | 11.2 | 3.0 | 20.0 | 30.4 | 26.6 | 65.0 | 6.3 | 12.0 | |||
| Drops | 10 | 2.5 | 12.5 | 3.3 | 22.0 | 33.8 | 29.6 | 72.2 | 7.0 | 13.3 | |||
| Drops | 11 | 2.7 | 13.7 | 3.7 | 22.0 | 37.1 | 32.5 | 79.4 | 7.7 | 14.7 | |||
| Drops | 12 | 3.0 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 24.0 | 40.5 | 35.5 | 86.6 | 8.4 | 16.0 | |||
| Drops | 13 | 3.2 | 16.2 | 4.3 | 26.0 | 43.9 | 38.4 | 93.8 | 9.1 | 17.3 | |||
| Drops | 14 | 3.5 | 17.4 | 4.7 | 28.0 | 47.3 | 41.4 | 101.1 | 9.8 | 18.7 | |||
| Drops | 15 | 3.7 | 18.7 | 5.0 | 30.0 | 50.6 | 44.4 | 108.3 | 10.5 | 20.0 |
- Number of drops in orange coluum are for citric acid solutions that are prepared with concentration by volume. If in doubt: contact your vendor!
- Please round the numbers of drops up to the nearest integer!
- Please note the importance of the valence in the resulting number of drops!
- Concentration by Weight Percentage = Weight of (single) Solute / (Weight of (all) Solute(s) + Weight of Solvent)*100%
- Concentration by Volume Percentage = Volume of (single) Solute / (Volume of (all) Solute(s) + Volume of Solvent)*100%
- Density of Solution = 1/(Concentration_1/Density_1 + Concentration_2/Density_2 + …) - formula used only for solutions mixed by weight
- Volume per Gram of Solution = 1/Density of Solution - formula used only for solutions mixed by weight
- Molarity = 1000 cm^3/L*Concentration/(Volume per Solution*Molar Weight) - formula used only for solutions mixed by weight
- Molarity = 1000 cm^3/L*Concentration*Density/Molar Weight - formula used only for solutions mixed by volume
- Molarity*Valence = Molarity * Valence
- Number of Drops = 1 through 15 for MMS, (Molarity*Valence of MMS) /(Molarity*Valence of Acid) for the activators (acids)
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