Re: Eyelid swelling

Endocrine Effects. The principal direct effects of excessive Iodine ingestion on the endocrine system
are on the thyroid gland and regulation of thyroid hormone production and secretion. Effects of excess
iodine on the thyroid gland can be classified into three types: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and
thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism refers to the diminished production of thyroid hormones leading to clinical
manifestations of thyroid hormone insufficiency. This can occur with or without goiter, an enlargement
of the gland that occurs in response to elevated circulating levels of the pituitary hormone, thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH), during periods of suppressed thyroid hormone production. A typical
biomarker of hypothyroidism is a decrease in the circulating levels of thyroxine (T4) and, when thyroid
failure is far advanced, triiodothyronine (T3). This is always accompanied by an elevation of TSH (also
known as thyrotropin) above the normal range, unless the cause of the hypothyroidism resides in the
pituitary-hypothalmus. Hyperthyroidism is an excessive production and/or secretion of thyroid
hormones. The clinical manifestation of abnormally elevated circulating levels of T4 and/or T3 is
thyrotoxicosis. Thyroiditis refers to an inflammation of the gland, which is often secondary to thyroid
gland autoimmunity. The above three types of adverse effects of excess Iodine can occur in children and adults


TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR
IODINE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

April 2004
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