Re: How important is 1 Hz?
To that point, you are correct that the effect of a 1 kHz signal at 849 kHz would be low, but for some reason it does appear to work on microbes.
However, there is redemption in the fact that most helminths have a much lower mortal frequency. Most are between 380 kHz and 476 kHz.
But the harmonics are just one part of the process. A very important factor is the attack or sharpness of the square wave. Even it the square wave is bad otherwise, a sharp rising edge will cause the microbe to ring on its own. It is just like tapping a wine goblet with a knife or spoon, the tap will make it ring without continuing to produce the harmonic. However, if the tap is in synchrony with the required harmonic, each tap will make the ringing stronger with each tap. If the tap is out of synchrony, it can interfere and decrease the ringing.
And, this is what it is all about. Using the tap, adding the exact right frequency, and taping again at just the right synchronous point in time, will increase the ringing to cause a failure.
By the same token, just applying a resonating frequency is not as good as the tap provide by the square wave.