Right. But as far as the evidence that gold coin grass "acts as a bitter," the NCBI link doesn't say how it was administered. Is there such a thing as a cholegogue administered through injection or IV??...
I used to take a product called gallbladder complex that really seemed to promote bile flow, and those were capsules that I swallowed, no bitter taste on the tongue.
Also, I used gold coin grass for many months. It was a liquid solution, and per the instructions I put several tsps in a glass of water and sipped it. Not very bitter, maybe sliiightly bitter, nothing compared to dandelion or Liv R ite.