With the equipment we have, it takes a matter of hours, usually 7-8 hours of direct sunlight. We only have a small system at the moment, but will be converting to a larger system very soon. Our small system will run several appliances for 12 or more hours (depending on what appliances you are using), on the battery, by the time the battery is getting low, the sun is out again and charging it.
The solar technology has come a long way in the last few years, and much of the equipment is getting more efficient, such as batteries.
It is a viable option for home owners today, to convert to solar.