I noticed that this article was written BEFORE Dr. Barry Marshall wrote up his discovery that bacteria are the usual cause of ulcers. I remember reading all about it in Scientific America in the mid-nineties and he was on the cover of TIME, I think. Anway here is something on this:
What's An Ulcer?
Before discussing the latest theory of ulcer prevention and cure, let's define an ulcer. Any open sore or lesion either of the skin or mucus membrane (which includes the lining of the stomach and intestines) can be considered an ulcer. Ulcer symptoms include spasmodic and gnawing pains in the pit of the stomach, which sometimes radiate to other areas like the back or between the shoulder blades, gas, bloating, and/or nausea. Other symptoms can include lower back pain, headaches, itching and a choking sensation.
Stomach pain of this sort may be relieved by eating, but heavy or spicy foods may make you feel very uncomfortable, and the stomach seems sensitive to pressure applied from the outside. If the ulcer deepens, it may reach blood vessels and cause serious bleeding. At this point, it may be life-threatening.
Ulcers of the stomach (gastric) or duodenum (duodenal) are both called Apeptic. The most common theory used to be-and still is in some circles-that ulcers are caused by stress. High amounts of stress increase hydrochloric acid production. This acid is classically perceived as so strong that it eats away a portion of the stomach's protective mucus lining, causing an ulcer.
While aspirin and chronic stress can be important factors in ulcer formation, recent research reveals the most common cause is Helicobacter pylori bacteria that burrow into the stomach's mucus layer and produce inflammation. Many people host this bacteria, which can get into the blood and circulate throughout the body.
When it gains a foothold in the small intestine near the stomach, it can cause inflammation in the duodenum. That could be the main reason for duodenal ulcers. It's still a mystery why some people appear unharmed by H. pylori while others develop infection. It is known, however, that it can easily be transmitted from one person to another through saliva. To avoid getting or giving this bacteria to others, do not share drinks, silverware, or dips with other people. H. pylori is suspected in other health problems, like some forms of heart disease and cancer (New Scientist, Oct. 15, 1994, p.12).
In 1982, Australian physician Barry Marshall was the first to discover H. pylori as a cause of gastric ulceration. His fellow doctors wouldn't believe his discovery because it differed from established views. So in 1984, this pioneering M.D. experimented on himself by drinking a solution of H. pylori, and eight days later became ill. Biopsies (small pieces of tissue cut from his stomach) and endoscopies (optical examination from a tube down his throat) showed a definite infection had begun.
Dr. Marshall's experiment proved to be one of the greatest medical breakthroughs in decades. By this means he impressed his colleagues enough to generate more studies, several of which have confirmed Dr. Marshall's theory.
Once established in the stomach lining, H. pylori bacteria can defend themselves against hydrochloric acid, (HC1) and the body's immune system by excreting an enzyme called urease, which reacts to produce ammonia in the stomach, which then neutralizes HC1. In response to this attack, the stomach produces more acid and caustic oxidants that irritate the stomach lining.
Taking antacids or acid-blocking drugs does not address the H. pylori problem. Even worse, these drugs have adverse side-effects, and allow H. pylori more freedom to grow! In addition, by artificially lowering HC1 in the stomach, antacids prevent important nutrients like iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B12, and folic acid from being properly absorbed, weakening the immune system and the rest of the body. In older people, this is even more serious, especially for the brain and nervous system.
The conclusion is that ulcers are not caused directly by the effects of chronic stress on the digestive system, but from its secondary effect of weakening the body's defenses, eventually decreasing HC1 production and allowing H. pylori to proliferate.
Potential Causes of Ulcers
• Aspirin can cause breaks in the protective mucosal barrier of the stomach and small intestine, resulting in acute gastritis.
• Alcohol consumption also damages the mucosal protection, but neither aspirin nor alcohol cause a deep, penetrating crater as H. pylori does.
• Corticosteriod drugs do not cause peptic ulcers, but may hide the symptoms while an existing ulcer worsens.
• Some
Antibiotic drugs (like doxycycline and tetracycline) have been reported to cause severe ulceration in the esophagus if they become lodged there.
• Indomethacin and other anti-inflammatory drugs have been implicated in ulcer formation, but the data are inconclusive.
• Some types of disease, like
Rheumatoid Arthritis and lupus erythematosus, are associated with a higher incidence of ulcers, whether drugs are administered or not.
Source: Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs, American Pharmaceutical Association: Washington DC, 9th edition, 1990, 249-250.
Got this from:
http://www.greatestherbsonearth.com/nsparticles/ulcers.htm