So where is it? Where's the peanut oil? In the adjuvant! Or in the media.
Since the "adjuvant" is not an active ingredient, the ingredients of this ingredient does not have to be listed on the package insert and it is considered a "trade secret" so they don't have to tell you that peanut oil is in your vaccine!
Date: 1/18/2009 3:27:24 PM ( 15 y ) ... viewed 5480 times
So where is it? Where's the peanut
oil? In the adjuvant! Or in the media. See below: |
http://us.gsk.com/products/assets/us_infanrix.pdf
Infanrix |
Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids & Acellular Pertussis
Vaccine Adsorbed |
March 2008 |
INFANRIX®
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed
Each 0.5-mL dose also contains 4.5 mg of NaCl, and
aluminum adjuvant (not
more than 0.625 mg aluminum by assay).
|
GlaxoSmithKline |
Pediarix |
I |
Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids & Acellular Pertussis
Vaccine Adsorbed, Hepatitis B (recombinant) and nactivated Poliovirus
Vaccine |
June 2007 |
Pediarix |
PEDIARIX®
[Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis
Adsorbed,
Hepatitis B (Recombinant) and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Combined]
Each 0.5-mL dose also contains 4.5 mg of NaCl and
aluminum adjuvant (not
more than 0.85 mg aluminum by assay).
|
Merck & Co |
M-M-Vax |
Measles and Mumps Virus Vaccine, Live |
September 2002 |
M-M-Vax |
Each dose of the vaccine is calculated to
contain sorbitol (14.5 mg), sodium phosphate, sucrose (1.9 mg), sodium
chloride, hydrolyzed gelatin (14.5 mg), human albumin (0.3 mg), fetal bovine
serum (<1 ppm), other buffer and media ingredients
and approximately
25 mcg of neomycin. |
http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/p/pedvax_hib/pedvax_pi.pdf
Liquid PedvaxHIB®
[Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine
(Meningococcal Protein Conjugate)]
Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria
meningitidis serogroup B are grown in
complex fermentation media.
[Peanut meal is often used in fermentation media....-bfg]
The PRP is
purified from the culture broth by purification procedures which include
ethanol fractionation, enzyme digestion, phenol extraction and diafiltration.
The OMPC from Neisseria meningitidis is purified by detergent
extraction, ultracentrifugation, diafiltration and sterile filtration.
Liquid PedvaxHIB is ready to use and does not require a
diluent. Each 0.5 mL dose of Liquid PedvaxHIB is a sterile product
formulated to contain: 7.5 mcg of Haemophilus b PRP, 125 mcg of Neisseria
meningitidis OMPC and 225 mcg of aluminum as amorphous aluminum
hydroxyphosphate sulfate (previously referred to as aluminum hydroxide), in
0.9% sodium chloride, but does not contain lactose or thimerosal. Liquid
PedvaxHIB is a slightly opaque white suspension. |
Here's a definition of an adjuvant. |
http://www.patentlens.net/daisy/adjuvants/Background/Adjuvant_types.html
Types of adjuvants
Vaccine development has been advancing over the years. New
types of vaccines, such as DNA-based, recombinant subunits, recombinant
viruses, and conjugates have been developed and introduced commercially.
These vaccines tend to be safer and less reactogenic than older-style
vaccines made from live or killed whole organisms. Use of new adjuvants
that work with these vaccine types and that are less reactogenic has not
kept pace with vaccine technology. Part of the barrier is the stringent
regulatory environment. The hurdles in the U.S. and in Europe to gain
approval are high (see, for example,
Guideline on Adjuvants in Vaccines for Human Use by The European
Medicines Agency). In nearly 80 years since the first vaccine adjuvant was
approved by the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration), no other
adjuvant has been approved by the FDA for use in humans. The FDA only
approves adjuvants in combination with vaccines and does not approve
adjuvants alone. Nevertheless, substantial investment in adjuvant
technology continues as evidenced by patent application filings and by
clinical studies.
Adjuvants used
in vaccines given to humans
Aluminium salts
were the first adjuvants approved by the FDA for use in humans. Use of alum
salts began in the 1930s, before regulatory guidelines became more
stringent. More recently, approvals have been obtained in Europe for MF59
as an adjuvant component of flu vaccine for elderly patients (Fluad(r)
, Novartis Vaccines) and AS04 (combination of alum and MPL, GlaxoSmithKline)
as the adjuvant for a viral vaccines (hepatitis B, HPV).
|
See the page on patents for more
detail. Lots of different kinds of oils are used as "vegetable oil". |
3149036,
Adjuvant vaccine with
aluminum monostearate, mannide monooleate,
vegetable
oil, and an aqueous phase immunolgical agent, September, 1964
...
www.freepatentsonline.com/4069313.html
-
Similar pages
by AF Woodhour - 1978 -
Cited by 7 -
Related articles -
All 4 versions
|
oil-in-water
adjuvants (Coulter et al., 1998,
Vaccine 16, pp. ....
administered in one conventional dose of
vaccine and
aluminum as an
adjuvant is added, ...
www.pharmcast.com/Patents/Yr2002/April2002/041602/6372223_Influenza041602.htm
- 43k -
Cached -
Similar pages
by O Kistner -
Related articles -
All 7 versions
|
Microbial delivery system
[0002] The present invention is generally in the area of
controlled delivery of antigens for use in vaccination or induction of
tolerance to allergens, and in particular relates to cellular delivery of
proteins and polypeptides.
[0006] Current treatments for allergies involve attempts to
“vaccinate” a sensitive individual against a particular allergen by
periodically injecting or treating the individual with a crude suspension
of the raw allergen. The goal, through controlled administration of known
amounts of antigen, is to modulate the IgE response mounted in the
individual. If the therapy is successful, the individual's IgE response is
diminished, or can even disappear. However, the therapy requires several
rounds of vaccination, over an extended time period (3-5 years),
and
very often does not produce the desired results. Moreover, certain
individuals suffer
anaphylactic reactions to the vaccines, despite their intentional,
controlled administration.
[0077]
Adjuvants that are known to stimulate Th2 responses are preferably
avoided.
[0086] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile
injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according
to the known art using suitable dispersing or
wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable
preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or
emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for
example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles
and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and
isotonic
sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are
conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this
purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic
mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are
used in the preparation of injectables.
|
A
vaccine adjuvant comprising alpha-galactosylceramide for the
...
by
oil emulsion (Freund's
adjuvant), saponin,
aluminum or calcium salts (alum),
...
www.faqs.org/patents/app/20080317769
- 86k -
Cached -
Similar pages
|
Vaccine 1992;10(10):714-20
Parameters affecting the immunogenicity of microencapsulated tetanus toxoid
states “As expected, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) proved to be a
more potent adjuvant than peanut
oil…………….”
PMID 1523381
Can J Comp Med 1985
Apr;49(2):149-51 compared 6 different adjuvants in swine including four
mineral oil compounds, one
peanut oil compound and aluminum hydroxide. PMID 4016580
C
R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci
D 1975 Apr 7;280(13):1629-32 states…….. a stable water in oil
emulsion can be produced by using
metabolizable peanut oil with arlacel. When
mycobacteria are added, a potent emulsified oil adjuvant is obtained which
increases the immune response to BSA and to influenza vaccine. PMID 811378
Vaccine 1992;10(10):714-20
Parameters affecting the immunogenicity of microencapsulated tetanus toxoid
states “As expected, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) proved to be a
more potent adjuvant than peanut
oil…………….” PMID 1523381
Can J Comp Med 1985
Apr;49(2):149-51 compared 6 different adjuvants in swine including four
mineral oil compounds, one peanut
oil compound and aluminum hydroxide. PMID 4016580
C
R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci
D 1975 Apr 7;280(13):1629-32 states…….. a stable water in oil
emulsion can be produced by using metabolizable peanut oil with
arlacel. When mycobacteria are added, a potent
emulsified oil adjuvant is
obtained which increases the immune response to BSA and to influenza
vaccine. PMID 811378
http://www.vaccinetruth.org/peanut_oil.htm |
-
Vaccine. 1995
Oct;13(14):1263-76. |
|
-
Adjuvants for human vaccines--current status, problems and future
prospects.
Gupta RK, Siber GR.
Massachusetts Public Health Biologic Laboratories, State Laboratory
Institute, Boston 02130, USA.
Adjuvants help
antigen to elicit an early, high and long-lasting immune response with
less antigen, thus saving on vaccine production costs. In recent
years, adjuvants received much attention because of the development of
purified, subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and
require adjuvants to evoke the immune response. With the use of adjuvants
immune response can be selectively modulated to major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class I or MHC class II and Th1 or Th2 type, which is very
important for protection against diseases caused by intracellular
pathogens such as viruses, parasites and bacteria (Mycobacterium). A
number of problems are encountered in the development and use of adjuvants
for human vaccines. The
biggest issue with the use of adjuvants for human vaccines, particularly
routine childhood vaccines, is the toxicity and adverse side-effects of
most of the adjuvant formulations.
At
present the choice of adjuvants for human vaccination reflects a
compromise between a requirement for adjuvanticity and an acceptable low
level of side-effects. Other problems with the
development of adjuvants include restricted adjuvanticity of certain
formulations to a few antigens, use of aluminum adjuvants as reference
adjuvant preparations under suboptimal conditions, non-availability of
reliable animal models, use of non-standard assays and biological
differences between animal models and humans leading to the failure of
promising formulations to show adjuvanticity in clinical trials. The most
common adjuvants for human use today are still aluminum hydroxide and
aluminum phosphate, although calcium phosphate and
oil emulsions
also have some use in human vaccinations. During
the last 15 years much progress has been made on development, isolation
and chemical synthesis of alternative adjuvants such as derivatives of
muramyl dipeptide, monophosphoryl lipid A, liposomes, QS21, MF-59 and
immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMS). Other areas in adjuvant research
which have received much attention are the controlled release of vaccine
antigens using biodegradable polymer microspheres and reciprocal enhanced
immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates. Biodegradable polymer
microspheres are being evaluated for targeting antigens on mucosal
surfaces and for controlled release of vaccines with an aim to reduce the
number of doses required for primary immunization. Reciprocal enhanced
immunogenicity of protein-polysaccharide conjugates will be useful for the
development of combination vaccines.
Publication Types:
PMID: 8585280 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
Since the "adjuvant" is not an
active ingredient, the ingredients of this ingredient does not have to be
listed on the package insert and it is considered a "trade secret" so they
don't have to tell you that peanut oil is in your vaccine! |
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