Peanut allergy and infant formula
In my first post about peanut allergies, I had come across the following website that rather shocked me when I realized that peanut products are in vitamin products AND infant formula. I wanted to know more about this since I don’t recall ever reading “derived from peanuts” appearing on any of the vitamins at the store. I haven’t read the formula ingredients so I don’t know about that and am curious.
Date: 1/18/2009 3:19:04 PM ( 15 y ) ... viewed 4701 times
In my first post about peanut allergies, I had come across
the following website that rather shocked me when I realized that peanut
products are in vitamin products AND infant formula. I wanted to know more
about this since I don’t recall ever reading “derived from peanuts”
appearing on any of the vitamins at the store. I haven’t read the formula
ingredients so I don’t know about that and am curious.
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http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v44jec11.htm
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
The Panel
identified only two foodstuffs that it considered may currently fulfil the
criteria for inclusion on a list of products of foodstuffs for which
labelling of the allergen-containing food source is unnecessary:
refined peanut oil and refined soya bean oil….
Vitamin D supplementation may be administered in an oil preparation in
early infancy. After skin-prick testing of
122 children aged 7-60 months who had been referred to an allergy clinic,
the children were classified according to whether they had received a
vitamin D preparation without peanut oil, one containing
peanut oil that had been administered monthly, or one containing peanut
oil that had been administered daily. Although the groups did not differ
in respect of allergic status, statistically significantly
children more showed a positive reaction to peanut if they had been
exposed to a peanut oil-containing vitamin preparation. The
peanut oil used in the vitamin preparations was not specified (de Montis
et al., 1993).
In a study in
France, two male and two female infants aged 4-13 months who had received
a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis were found to react to peanut allergens
during skin-prick testing or labial challenge with peanut extract, peanut
butter, or peanut oil. In a single blind oral challenge test with peanut
oil, the infants reacted with a rash to doses of 1 or 5 ml of peanut oil.
In each case, the infant was receiving a formula containing peanut
oil in such an amount that it contributed 67 or 80% of the
lipids.
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Early vitamin
use may increase food allergies
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/329/7471/0-g |
First question - can peanut oil be an
ingredient and not be listed on the food or vitamin product? I couldn’t get
a clear answer on this. Infant formulas may be a special area? |
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/grasguid.html#Q16
If an
ingredient is GRAS for one use, is it GRAS for all uses?
Not
necessarily. Under section 201(s) of the Act, it is the use of a
substance, rather than the substance itself, that is eligible for the GRAS
exemption (62 Fed. Reg. 18939; April 17, 1997). A determination of the
safety of the use of an ingredient includes information about the
characteristics of the substance, the estimated dietary intake under the
intended conditions of use, and the population that will consume the
substance (proposed 21 CFR 170.36 (c)(1)(iii)). Dietary intake of a
substance depends on the food categories in which it will be used and the
level of use in each of those food categories. For information about how
FDA estimates dietary intake of a food substance, see FDA’s document
entitled “Estimating Exposure To Direct Food Additives And Chemical
Contaminants in the Diet” [August 2006: See updated information "Guidance
for Industry - Estimating Dietary Intake of Substances in Food"]. Some
uses of a food substance are intended for a narrowly defined population,
such as newborn infants who consume infant formula as the sole item of the
diet; in such a circumstance, there may be special considerations
associated with that population but not with general use of the food
substance.
Is a substance
that is used as a dietary ingredient of a dietary supplement eligible for
classification as GRAS?
Under section
201(s) of the Act, the ingredients whose use is GRAS are excluded from the
definition of a food additive. That definition of food additive also
specifies that the term “food additive” does not include a dietary
ingredient of a dietary supplement described in section 201(ff) of the Act
or intended for use in a dietary supplement. Thus, it is meaningless to
refer to a GRAS exclusion from the food additive definition for dietary
ingredients that are already excluded from that definition. However, some
dietary ingredients that may be used in a dietary supplement may also be
GRAS for use in a conventional food (e.g., vitamin C; calcium carbonate).
Does FDA have
a list of substances that are used in food on the basis of the GRAS
provision?
FDA has
several lists of GRAS substances. Importantly, these lists are not
all-inclusive. Because the use of a GRAS substance is not subject to
premarket review and approval by FDA, it is impracticable to list all
substances that are used in food on the basis of the GRAS provision.
21 CFR Part
182 contains the remnants of a list, which FDA established in its
regulations shortly after passage of the 1958 Food Additives Amendment.
The list is organized according to the intended use of these substances.
As part of the agency’s comprehensive review of GRAS substances in the
1970s, FDA affirmed that the use of some of the ingredients on this
original GRAS list is GRAS, and moved the affirmed uses of the substance
to 21 CFR Part 184. [Glycerin - I don't know if this is the peanut product
or not. Tocopherols have to be in an oil product, I do believe. Could that
oil product be peanut oil? see more below* - bfg]
21 CFR Part
184 contains a list of substances that FDA affirmed as GRAS as direct food
ingredients for general or specific uses. This list derives from the
agency’s 1970s comprehensive review of GRAS substances and from petitions
that FDA received to affirm the GRAS status of particular uses of some
food ingredients. [Vitamin A, Vitamin D,
21 CFR Part
186 contains a list of substances that FDA affirmed as GRAS for certain
indirect food uses. [Hydrogenated fish oil appears on the list. I had a
friend whose child was deathly allergic to fish - bfg]
FDA’s Internet site also contains a list of substances that have been the
subject of a notice to FDA - i.e., when a firm has notified FDA about its
view that a particular use of a substance is GRAS. You can access this
summary of GRAS notices, along with FDA’s response, from the GRAS
Notification Program page.
Can the use of
a substance be GRAS even if it is not listed by FDA?
Yes. Because the use of a GRAS substance is not subject to premarket
review and approval by FDA, it is impracticable to list all substances
that are used in food on the basis of the GRAS provision (21 CFR 182.1).
The use of a substance is GRAS because of widespread knowledge among the
community of qualified experts, not because of a listing or other
administrative activity.
*Natural extractives (solvent-free) used in conjunction with spices,
seasonings, and flavorings that are generally recognized as safe for their
intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act, are as
follows:
Peanut
stearine…………….. Arachis hypogaea L.
Sec. 182.70
Substances migrating from cotton and cotton fabrics used in dry food
packaging.
Substances
migrating to food from cotton and cotton fabrics used in
dry food packaging that are generally recognized as safe for their
intended use, within the meaning of section 409 of the Act, are as
follows:
Peanut oil.
Subpart
B–Multiple Purpose GRAS Food Substances
Sec. 182.1320
Glycerin.
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Not allowed to
look at the following website:
Peanut Oil:
Pharmaceutical Excipients
A typical analysis of refined peanut oil indicates the composition of the
… in infancy of preparations containing peanut oil, including
infant formula and …
www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/excipients/current/1000304093.htm
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http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119279212/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0
Risks of milk
formulas containing peanut oil contaminated with peanut allergens in
infants with atopic dermatitis
D. A. Moneret-Vautrin 1 , a , R. Hatahet 1 G. Kanny 1
1 Service de Médecine D, Immunologie Clinique et Allergologie, Centre
Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Hpital de Brabois, Vandoeuvre, France
Correspondence to a D.A. Moneret-Vautrin, Service de Médecine D,
Immunologie Clinique et Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de
Nancy, Hpital de Brabois, Rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
Copyright 1994 The Author(s)
KEYWORDS
peanut oil allergenicity • hidden allergen • milk formula • atopic
dermatitis • food allergy • infant
ABSTRACT
Four cases of infants with atopic dermatitis are reported. In all cases, a
sensitization to peanut is demonstrated. Any ingestion of peanuts can be
excluded, with the exception of a daily consumption of peanut oil,
contained in milk formulas. Oral challenges with peanut oil induce a rash,
and elimination of these brands is followed by the disappearance of
eczematous lesions. The presence of residual allergenic proteins in peanut
oil is thus suspected. Owing to the growing incidence of peanut
hypersensitivity, the elimination of peanut oil from all milk formulas,
food for babies, and ointments, seems to be highly advisable.
Received June 21, 1993 Accepted December 3, 1993
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If you read the ingredients of infant
formula, you will see listed Linoleic Acid. What do you picture? Pure
ingredients? Where do they get this ingredient? |
Fatty Acids -
Ask the Dietitian - by Joanne Larsen MS RD LD
Linoleic acid is found in butter, cocoa butter and coconut oil as well
oils from corn, cottonseed, olive, palm, palm kernel, peanut,
rapeseed (Canola), …
www.dietitian.com/fattyaci.html- 18k
MotherNature.com - Peanuts
Concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid are high in
almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews , flaxseed, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts,
peanuts, pecans, pine nuts, …
www.mothernature.com/library/ency/index.cfm/id/1867000 - 25k
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Maybe this is the source of “tree-nut
allergies” and peanut allergies? |
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=15178124
The
effect of peanut butter manufacture on vitamin E originating from raw
peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L., runner-type) was determined.
Tocopherols were quantified by normal-phase high-performance liquid
chromatography, No significant differences were observed in tocopherol (T)
values between 1998 and 1998 crop raw peanuts or between raw peanuts and
peaout butter except for γ-T (P > 0.05). Oil and stabilizer added to the
roasted peanuts during peanut butter processing provided 4% of α-T in the
finished peanut butter, Rerention of total tocopherols during peanut
butter manufacture was 95%. Mean α-T values (mg/100 g) og commercial
peanut products ranged from) 12.3 (peanut oil) to 4.1 (dry roasted
peanuts).
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Found a
really good video about baby formula.
Disturbing
Mystery Food Given To Children
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5005016305725612809
The guy has
plastic cups of chemicals and mixes them together to show you what goes into
infant formula. The formula he mixed used synthetic vitamin A which may not
be derived from peanuts?
Watching this video makes you think twice about feeding this concoction to
children. Good grief!
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Here is a patent
for infant formula containing peanut oil:
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3649295.html
What is
claimed
1. An edible,
highly assimilable, fat composition consisting of, by weight, from about
15 percent to about 45 percent of oleic oil; from about 10 percent to
about 45 percent of oleo oil; from 0 percent to about 25 percent of a seed
oil selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, corn oil,
peanut oil, sunflower seed oil and cottonseed oil; from about 10
percent to about 35 percent of a member selected from the group consisting
of coconut oil and babassu oil; and from 0 percent to about 2 percent of
soy lecithin….More particularly, this invention concerns new and novel
edible, highly assimilable, fat compositions with a fatty acid composition
resembling that of human milk fat consisting of, by weight, from about 15
percent to about 45 percent of oleic oil; from about 10 percent to about
45 percent of oleo oil; from 0 percent to about 25 percent of a seed oil
selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, corn oil,
peanut oil, sunflower seed oil and cottonseed oil; from about 10
percent to about 35 percent of a member selected from the group consisting
of coconut oil and babassu oil; and from 0 percent to about 2 percent of
soy lecithin: and infant formulas incorporating said edible oil
composition….
The fats which
are used in existing infant formulas are grouped into four classes, as
follows:
I. Palmitic
acid oils: palm oil
II. Lauric
acid oils: coconut, babassu
III. Animal
fats: oleo oil (beef fat)
IV. Seed oils:
corn, peanut, soybean, cottonseed oil
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Formulas could be more of a problem
if my theory that vaccines cause food allergy. The child is first made
sensitive to the food protein from the vaccine and then with the switch to
formula.... |
"Denise Bunning had no idea that switching her 6½-month-old son from breast
milk to a milk-based formula would threaten his life. But Bryan's first sips
proved perilous. His lips and tongue swelled, and his eyes rolled back. "I
didn't know what was happening," says Bunning, who, with her husband, David,
co-founded the Food Allergy Project in Chicago.
"Bryan was
diagnosed with life-threatening allergies to milk, eggs, tree nuts and
sesame seeds. So when their second son, Daniel, was born, the Bunnings took
precautions. Still, at 9 months
he also had an anaphylactic reaction
after a babysitter inadvertently put a milk-soiled bib around his neck. "His
allergies are even worse," she says. "In addition to milk, eggs and
tree
nuts, he is also allergic to beef, turkey,
and shellfish." " [All of these
foods are used to produce vaccines!- bfg]
http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2008/12/29/hlsa1229.htm
My 3 month old has MY food allergies.?
"...she allergic to her formula
because it has soy and peanuts in it."
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090123105124AAhP0Xs |
Formulas could be more of a problem
if my theory that vaccines cause food allergy. The child is first made
sensitive to the food protein from the vaccine and then with the switch to
formula....but then, food allergies can develop due to the formula
ingredients alone according to Freude: |
The
Complete Idiot's Guide to Food Allergies by Lee H. Freude, M.D., and Jeanne
Rejaunier, Penguin Group, 2003
"A person
must have normal levels of IgA antibodies to block foods from causing
allergies. These IgA antibodies can be found in the normal secretions of the
stomach lining. However, at birth, when the protective immunity system is
still immature, the IgA level is zero, so the body must start producing it s
own IgA antibodies. On average it
takes about four months or more to produce enough IgA antibodies to reach
near adult levels." |
This tells me that any food or medicine given orally to a baby younger
than 4 months (hopefully other than breast milk) can cause a food allergy.
At Google books, the “Peanut Allergy Answer” book says that
other routes of potential sensitization are peanut oil in infant formula
or vitamins which is primarily a problem in Europe.
I do think
that peanut oil in formula could be a problem and contribute to the peanut
allergy problem. But I think that the main cause is from vaccines with
infant vitamin formulas and antibiotics contributing.
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