Its an active bioculture that you can make your self with a kefir starter and some organic milk, either goat or cow. You add some kefir starter to the milk and it turns it into a lactobacillus culture in 24 hours on your cupboard. In the process it eats up most/all of the lactose. So now this dairy is actually teaming with good bugs and its Sugar free. Many lactose intolerant people tolerate kefir. Kefir has also been found to be very alkalinizing to the digestive tract. It tastes like yogurt but is way healthier.