>- The basic Clark Zapper circuit, and every variation I've been able to track down, is seen as a voltage-mode device.
Just wanted to say that you need to go back to our site and investigate some of our models ( ParaZapper CCa, ParaZapper MX, and ParaZapper MX2) as they all use CC technology and this is a reason why we get improved results.
CCa actually stands for Current Controlled Adjustable. The user can set the target current from 3 ma to about 9 ma. Of course the success in achieving the desired current depends on reducing the skin resistance.