Re: Malaria...

2 kinds of Wormwood are very good malaria killers:

"Artemisia absinthium"

&

"Artemisia annua"

"Artemisia annua" is also a great anti-cancer herb!!!!


from:
http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/plasmodium.html


"Malaria has been recognized as an important parasitic disease of humans for centuries, having been described by the early Egyptians in the third millennium B.C. Despite the introduction of control programs in many parts of the world over the past few decades, the impact of malaria on human populations continues to increase. Recent estimates suggest (1) that 1.5 billion persons live in areas of the world where malaria is an endemic disease, (2) that the number of infected humans exceeds 500,000,000, and (3) that 1-2 million persons die each year."


"Four species of Plasmodium infect humans and cause malaria. All species are vector borne diseases, being spread by anopheline mosquitoes, and the disease is distributed throughout much of the world (view distribution). In the human host the parasite is found primarily inside of the red blood cells (RBC). The parasite reproduces asexually inside of the RBC, and following this the RBC breaks open releasing many new parasites (merozoites). These parasites then infect more RBC's, and this ultimately leads to the destruction of massive numbers of RBC's. The characteristic "chill and fever" (paroxysm) associated with malaria occurs when the parasites are released from the RBC's, and since the release of parasites is periodic, the paroxysms are periodic. For examples, the paroxysms associated with a tertian malaria (e.g., Plasmodium vivax) occur about ever 48 hours, and those associated with a quarten malaria (e.g., Plasmodium malariae) occur about every 72 hours (view a diagram of the life cycle)."


Alcohol Tincture or water tincture made from Wormwood , Black-Walnut and cloves, is suppose to be some level of protection against parasite.


I am not sure if "plasmodium berghei" causes malaria, but next 4 parasites are recognized human malaria parasites:

"Plasmodium falciparum"
"plasmodium malariae"
"plasmodium ovale"
"plasmodium vivax"


I am sure that there are dozens of tropical herbs that protect arinst malaria parasites, but we just lack the knowledge.


This info is from drclarkia.com, (they sell tincture that I have been using myself):


Zafar MM; Hamdard; Hameed A. (1990) "Screening of Artemisia absinthium for antimalarial effects on plasmodium berghei in mice: a preliminary report" Journal of Ethnopharmacology 30:223-226.


Hernandez, H; Mendiola, J; Torres, D; Garrido, N. (1990) "Effect of aqueous extracts of Artemisia on the in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum" Fitoterapia 31(6), 540-541.




Quote:
<<<<
Wormwood contains unidentified antimalarial substance(s). Alcoholic extracts of the dried leaves have 'considerable antimalarial potential' when administered orally, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally to mice (Zafar, Hamdard, & Hameed 1990).

Wormwood leaves are used traditionally in Pakistan as an antipyretic (anti-fever) and an active antipyretic compound has been isolated from the dried leaves. This compound alleviates yeast-induced pyrexia in rabbits (Ikramet al 1987).>>>>>>>


Quoted from:
http://drclarkia.com/wormwood.asp
===========================


http://www.rain-tree.com/cedrorosa.htm

CEDRO ROSA
Common Name: Cedro Rosa, Acajou Femelle, Cedre Espagnol, Cedre, Cedro Hembra, Cedro, Spanish Cedar, Cedro Colorado

Part Used: Bark

Properties/Actions:
Febrifuge, Anti-malarial, Astringent, Vermifuge, Antirheumatic

Phytochemicals: Angolensic-acid-methyl-ester, Cedrelanol, Mexicanolide, Odoratol, Odoratone, Photogedunine

Traditional Remedy:

One-half cup bark decoction 2 times daily or 2-4 ml of a 4:1 bark tincture twice daily. 2 to 5 grams of powdered bark in tablets or capsules twice daily can be substituted if desired.
See Traditional Herbal Remedies Preparation Methods page if necessary for definitions.
http://www.rain-tree.com/cedrorosa.htm
===========================


Clinical Abstracts

Antimalarial activity of tropical Meliaceae extracts and gedunin derivatives.
MacKinnon S, Durst T, Arnason JT, Angerhofer C, Pezzuto J, Sanchez-Vindas PE, Poveda
LJ, Gbeassor M
J Nat Prod 1997 Apr;60(4):336-341

Ottawa-Carleton Institutes of Chemistry and Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Extracts of 22 species of Meliaceae were examined for antimalarial activity using in vitro tests with two clones of Plasmodium falciparum, one sensitive to chloroquine (W2) and one chloroquine-resistant (D6). Twelve extracts were found to have activity, including extracts of Cedrela odorata wood and Azadirachta indica leaves, which contained the limonoid gedunin. These extracts were more effective against the W2 clone than the D6 clone, suggesting there is no cross-resistance to chloroquine. Gedunin was extracted in quantity, and nine derivatives prepared for a structure-activity study, which revealed essential functionalities for activity. The study also included four other limonoids derived from related Meliaceae. Only gedunin had better activity than chloroquine against the W2 clone. This active principle could be used to standardize a popular crude drug based on traditional use of A. indica in West Africa.




Chemical and biological evaluation of the effect of plant extracts against Plasmodium berghei.
Castro O, Barrios M, Chinchilla M, Guerrero O
Universidad Nacional, Departamento de Quimica, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Rev Biol Trop 1996 Aug;44(2A):361-367

Extracts from thirteen species of plants were evaluated by "in vivo" antimalarial test against plasmodium berghei effects. Significant activities were observed in the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts, elaborated of Cedrela tonduzii leaves, Trichilia havanensis and Trichilia americana barks, Neurolaena lobata and Gliricidia sepium leaves and Duranta repens fruits. Compounds identified include flavanoids, coumarins, mellilotic acid and iridoids which some kind of biodinamic activity has previously been reported. The flavone quercetin 1 purified from C. tonduzii gave strong antimalarial activity, however, its respective glicosides (quercetin 3-glucoside 2 y robinine 7) showed little significant activity.


=================================









"I have searched herbal remedies to match the anti-malaria effects and found that Qinghaosu, the essence of Artemisia annua is an effective remedy for this infection. Pharmacological studies found Qinghaosu, or arteannuin has strong anti-malaria action."

"Clinically, while used for treating malaria, a 100% cure rate was achieved in 485 cases of tertian malaria and 105 cases of subtertian malaria. These two groups were all treated with the tablet made from the dilute alcohol extract of the herb at a total dose of 72 or 86.4 grams of crude herb in divided doses spread over 3 days. In comparison with chloroquine, the herbal preparations and arteannuin had fast-acting antipyretic and anti-plamodial actions. It can also be used for treating systematic lupus erythematosus."




http://www.dr-zhang.com/babesia.htm

Chinese Herbal Treatment for Babesiosis



Babesiosis is a cosmopolitan domestic wild animal infection caused by protozoa, Babesia. It can also infect human beings. Human Babesiosis is commonly referred to as a co-infection of Borrelia (Lyme spirochete.) Babesia is transmitted by ticks and multiply in red blood cells. It can cause febrile hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria. Its pathology closely resembles the falciparum malaria. Clinically, patients experience a prolonged illness characterized by the insidious onset of fevers, chills, sweating, myalgia, and mild to moderate hemolytic anemia. These symptoms are mixed with the symptoms of Lyme Disease. Co-infection of tick-borne pathogens are so common that these pathogens frequently change their individual clinical symptom patterns, decreasing the reliability of diagnostic tests and create chronic persistent infections. As Dr. Joseph J. Burrascano Jr., suggested, when this protozoa is discovered to be a co-infection of LD, treat this first so that subsequent therapy for LD will be more effective. My clinical experience has also confirmed his opinion. Herbal treatment for Babesiosis is a simple therapy and takes on a much shorter therapeutic course with higher efficacy than LD.



Conventional treatments for this parasite are similar to that of malaria. Chloroquine and Quinine have been used for symptomatic improvement. However, we are not sure whether they can eradicate the pathogen. Recently, Clindamycin and Quinine combination was used but found the combination was difficult to tolerate because of severe side effects (hearing loss, rash, fever, and headache). Mepron (atavoquone) and azithromycin combination has also been used for treating this infection and was considered the most effective therapy. It requires a four months or longer treatment course. This is an expensive treatment; four months medication with Mepron alone will cost more than $2,400. The side effects are also quite severe, including diarrhea, mild nausea, and sometimes yellowish discoloration of the vision. During the treatment, liver functions and blood count have to be monitored regularly. Whether this expensive treatment can really eradicate the pathogen is yet to be determined. Thus, in order to treat this infection effectively and safely, we found a better alternative.



I have searched herbal remedies to match the anti-malaria effects and found that Qinghaosu, the essence of Artemisia annua is an effective remedy for this infection. Pharmacological studies found Qinghaosu, or arteannuin has strong anti-malaria action. Arteannuin was lethal to the endoerythrocytic plasmodium. Symptomaic control and negative plasmodium examination were achieved rapidly by using arteauunin compared with chloroquine. Resistance of plasmodia to arteannuin developed at a much slower rate than chloroquine. Arteannuin has good effects in treating the infection of chloroquine-resistant strains. The draw back was its high relapse rate. The new improvement in this herbal remedy has reduced the relapse rate dramatically when it was used with Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula.



Pharmacological studies found that paraaminobezoic acid or folic acid did not antagonize its anti-malarial action. There was no synergistic action between this agent and sulfamethozine. Therefore, its anti-malarial action was probably unrelated to folic acid metabolism. It was shown that when arteannuin was used with trimethoprim in rat malaria, its anti-malarial action was enhanced and the relapse rate following discontinuation of the agent was also decreased. In vitro culture indicated that arteannuin has a direct lethal effect on the plasmodium. Under the electron microscope, it was found that the site of its action was on the membranous structures of the endoerythrocytic asexual plasmodium, primarily on the food vacuole membrane, surface membrane, and mitochondrial membrane, and secondarily on the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. It also affected the intra-nuclear chromosomes. The alteration of the food vacuole membrane interrupted the nutrition intake of the plasmodium. Following the deprivation of amino acids, auto-phagocytic vacuoles were found which were continually excreted out of the body, resulting in the loss of large amounts of cytoplasm, destruction of the internal structure, and death of the parasites.



Pharmakinetic studies found that it can be rapid absorbed, widely distributed, rapidly metabolized, and excreted. There was no accumulation after a long term taking this substance. Its therapeutic index was 36.80 in comparison chloroquine was 28.8, so it is safer than chloroquine. The herb, Qinghao and its essence, arteannuin are low in toxicity.



Clinically, while used for treating malaria, a 100% cure rate was achieved in 485 cases of tertian malaria and 105 cases of subtertian malaria. These two groups were all treated with the tablet made from the dilute alcohol extract of the herb at a total dose of 72 or 86.4 grams of crude herb in divided doses spread over 3 days. In comparison with chloroquine, the herbal preparations and arteannuin had fast-acting antipyretic and anti-plamodial actions. It can also be used for treating systematic lupus erythematosus.



Based on these studies, I developed Artemisiae Qing Hao Capsule for treating Babesiosis. From more than the 30 patients I have treated so far, I found that after 20 to 40 days of the treatment course, most patients experienced dramatic improvement and most symptoms were alleviated. Repeated testing showed that the Babesiosis markers turned to negative in the majority of the patients. During the first one week or so, there will be a Herxheimer’s reaction, which can temporally make the symptoms worse. Usually, this reaction will be over in one to two weeks. There was no report of adverse reaction from these patients. There may be rare allergic reaction to this herb. The herbal remedy costs only $60.00 to $120.00 for whole treatment course.



It is a safe, effective, and affordable treatment for Babesiosis.


Agnes
Tweet