30 kHz is only the base frequency. A properly designed zapper outputs a square wave which contains all of the odd harmonics of the base frequency.
An exact 30 kHz will produce frequencies of 30 kHz, 90 kHz, 150 kHz, 210 kHz, 270 kHz, 330 kHz, 390 kHz, 450 kHz, etc. all the way up to 500 kHz in cheaper zappers and up to over 900 kHz in some of the better ones.
This is why 2.5 kHz is sometimes better as its frequencies are only 5 kHz apart while the 30 kHz frequencies are 60 kHz apart. The 2.5 kHz / 2500 Hz harmonics while closer, will be weaker.