HPV =Human Papiloma Virus which is the cause of warts, although many members of the HPV family don't cause visible warts. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus
There are a large number of HPV viruses, some of which are associated with increased risk of cervical cancer in women. There is also some conjecture that they may be associated with mouth and throat cancers. Research in this area is ongoing. The Gardasil vaccine, AKA "cervical cancer vaccine", that you may have heard of has been shown to be effective against some of these viruses.