My info here mainly comes from a page about autism,
http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:YaYc-7On7gQJ:www.cancertutor.com/Autism/ComprehensiveGuide.doc+%2Bindican+%2B%22Betaine+HCl%22&hl=fr&client=firefox-a.
Its deficiency seems so frequent, and can have many different causes, such as zinc deficiency, toxins of bacterial overgrowth (H. Pylori?), gluten-casein peptides that are absorbed, metabolic acidosis. It can be a vicious cycle, mainly breakable with Betaine HCl.
Betaine HCl not only has the "HCl" which is stomach acid, but betaine is trimethylglycine, and the glycine parts can raise stomach acid.
L-Histidine has also been found, taken at a dosage of 500 mg twice a day, to improve gastric acid production. It is interesting that L-Carnosine, which degrades to beta-alanine and L-Histidine, has been found to be very helpful with autism. Of course, L-Carnosine might also protect by being a very good brain antioxidant, protecting against copper. Niacin is said to help too.
Stomach acid is required to sterilize food, and
parasites might, in my opinion, be very frequent with those that don't produce enough, especially if present along with constipation.
A lack of stomach acid will not triggers a proper release of bile, which will not properly digest food. Bile is an important pathway by which the body excretes heavy metals, copper and other toxins.
The lack of proper digestion leads to a bad absorption of many nutrients, especially calcium (although argued by the guy at acu-cell.com, iodine, etc. It will also lead to bacterial,
Stomach acid will increase the acidity in the first part of the intestines, which helps to sterilize it, as it should be. A lot of food is absorbed there, and it is where bacterial and fungal overgrowth is the most problematic.
Betaine HCl taken BETWEEN meals has been shown to particularly help decrease indican levels, which is a byproduct of protein fermentation (particularly the amino acid tryptophan) in the intestines.
Another source said that too much copper induces a lack of metallothionein, which leads to less defense against heavy metals, less stomach acid and many other elements.
There might be a lack of organisation here.