Geoengineers to Foul Galapagos Seas

Now, I would say that *this* is a scary bunch of fools..

Ladylove
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ETC Group
News Release
May 3rd, 2007

http://www.etcgroup.org


Geoengineers to Foul Galapagos Seas-Defying Climate Panel Warning

As the UN's top climate Science panel, the IPCC, prepares to criticise the idea of geoengineering, one maverick geoengineering company, Planktos Inc, has announced it is about to dump several tonnes of tiny particles into the waters around the Galapagos Islands, covering an area larger than Puerto Rico. Doing so, they claim, will re-engineer the atmosphere, win them commercial carbon
credits and perhaps a shot at the $25 million prize for greenhouse gas reduction put up by Richard Branson.



Mainstream scientists are sceptical and environmental and social justice groups are crying foul.

"In a sensible world geoengineering fanatics like Planktos would have their license to operate taken away," says Jim Thomas of ETC Group. "Instead, they are being allowed to pollute the high seas and are even being considered for a prize! Climate change is a real threat but common sense should not be its first victim."

On May 4th the International Panel on Climate Change, a body of the world's leading climate scientists will publish policy recommendations to governments on how to mitigate global warming.


According to an article from Agence France Presse (AFP) who have seen a leaked draft of that report, the panel gives the "thumbs down" and "pours scorn" on a clutch of wacky plans to intentionally re-engineer large scale ecosystems, referred to collectively as geoengineering:


"Geoengineering options...remain largely speculative and with the risk of unknown side-effects" claims the IPCC draft according to AFP (1). The US government has reportedly been lobbying the IPCC to more prominently support geoengineering technofixes in order to sideline
the Kyoto Protocol (2).

However, even as the UN report becomes public this Friday in Bangkok, one commercial enterprise, California based Planktos Inc, will be sailing from Florida to carry out a large-scale geoengineering experiment. Planktos, a self-styled 'eco-restoration' firm that also doubles as a nuclear fusion company(3), intends to dump tens of
tonnes of tiny iron particles over 10,000 square kilometres of ocean around the Galapagos Islands at the end of May 2007.



By stimulating a massive growth of plankton, called a bloom, Planktos claims to be able to draw millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere into the deep oceans over the next year. Eleven smaller iron fertilization experiments have already taken place.

"The Iron Hypothesis" is the theory first put forward by
oceanographer John Martin in 1990. He believed you could cool the climate by growing extra plankton in the oceans, a process that also gives rise to cloud formation. Martin once famously declared: "Give me a half tanker of iron, and I will give you an ice age."



From drafts of the forthcoming IPCC report seen by ETC Group, the UN body is expected to highlight the potential negative impacts of such iron seeding. These include increased production of nitrous oxide and methane, unintended changes in the plankton that could result in
production of toxic blooms and effects on the ocean food chain.



Local and international environmental groups are furious at this risky gamble with sensitive marine ecosystems spurred by the profit-making incentive of market-based carbon trading.

"This is an irresponsible and unpredictable venture by purely profit- driven individuals," said Elizabeth Bravo of Ecuador-based Accion Ecologica. "It threatens our climate, our marine environment and the sovereignty of our fisherfolk and it should be stopped." The Galapagos Islands are a UNESCO world heritage site under the sovereignty of Ecuador.

"Climate change should to be tackled by reducing emissions, not by altering ocean ecosystems," said Dr Paul Johnston, Head of Greenpeace International's Science Unit, "Planktos is intending to conduct this reckless experiment in waters around the Galapagos Islands which are globally significant in biological terms and should be designated as fully protected marine reserves."

Last week the Science journal Nature published a study on iron seeding authored by forty-seven ocean scientists.(4) They concluded that such attempts to artificially seed the ocean were unlikely to sequester much carbon dioxide. Their results, they say, "mean the end of the 'geoengineering' utopia that consists of artificially seeding the oceans with iron."(5)



As one of the scientists, Ulf Riebesell, a biological oceanographer at the Liebniz Institute of Marine Sciences in Kiel Germany told Nature bluntly, "You just can't achieve nature's efficiency. That's why geoengineering the ocean won't work."(6) This scientific reality hasn't deterred Planktos, which hopes to convince
the market that they can sell plankton-powered carbon 'offsets' to consumers to salve guilty consciences. As Planktos CEO Russ George admitted in a 2003 radio interview with National Public Radio in the USA, "It's really more of a business experiment than a scientific experiment."(7)

As worrying, Planktos boasts on their website that the iron they dump will be in nanoparticle form because nanoparticles float longer than normal particles.(8) (although Planktos have given contrary information in person). If this is true, then the Planktos experiment
may be the largest intentional release of engineered nanoparticles ever undertaken.



The last four years have seen a growing scientific consensus that the altered properties exhibited by nanoparticles could have negative toxicity effects on the environment and for human health.



In 2004 the UK's Royal Society and Royal Academy of
Engineering issued a recommendation that environmental applications of nanoparticles should be prohibited,(9) a call echoed by many environmental groups. Planktos claims they will be dumping their particles in international waters and so are not bound by international treaties or permit requirements.

In a further twist of the ridiculous, Planktos has also invited airline billionaire Richard Branson, Chairman of the Virgin Group, to join them in the Galapagos(10).



In March Branson announced The Virgin Earth Challenge, a US $25 million prize to whoever could commercially develop a working geoengineering technology

(See
http://www.virginearth.org).
Unfortunately, Planktos is not the only company competing to technologically alter the climate.



In February ETC Group published a report, "Gambling with Gaia", describing a clutch of companies pursing geoengineering business plans.

For more information contact:

Jim Thomas, ETC Group (Montreal, Canada)
jim@etcgroup.org
Tel: +1 514 516-5759

Pat Mooney, ETC Group (Ottawa, Canada)
etc@etcgroup.org
Tel: +1 613 2412267

Kathy Jo Wetter, ETC Group (Carrboro, NC, USA)
kjo@etcgroup.org
Tel: +1 919 960-5223

Elizabeth Bravo, Accion Ecologica (Ecuador)
ebravo@rallt.org

Dr Paul Johnston, Greenpeace International (Exeter, UK)
P.Johnston@exeter.ac.uk
+44 (0)1392 413019

ETC Group's report on geoengineering, "Gambling with Gaia', is
available online at
http://www.etcgroup.org/upload/publication/606/01/

geoengineeringcomfeb0107.pdf

-----
[1] Richard Ingham "Oddball schemes to fix global warming get thumbs
down", AFP, 29 April 2007.
[2] David Adam, "US Government answer to global w arming: Smoke and
giant mirrors," The Guardian, 27 January 2007.
[3] Planktos 'mirror' company D2fusion shares same most of the same
management team as Planktos - see
http://www.d2fusion.com

[4] Blain S et al, "Effect of natural iron fertilization on carbon
sequestration in the southern ocean." Nature vol. 446. 26 April 2007.
1070-1074 (2007)
[5] CNRS: "Fertiliser les oceans : la fin d'une utopie?" - April 26,
2007, on the Internet at
http://www2.cnrs.fr/presse/communique/1086.htm

[6] Quirin Schiermeier, "Only mother nature knows how to fertilize
the ocean - Natural input of nutrients works ten times better than
manmade injections" published online in Nature, April 23, 2007. , on
the Internet:
http://www.nature.com/news/2007/070423/full/070423-8.html

[7] Wendy Williams "Living on Earth; Iron fertilization", NPR, 30 May
2003, transcript at
http://www.loe.org/series/iron_fertilization/

[8] According to Planktos, Inc. website: "...w e use this material in
a nano-particle form where the particles are so small that the sink
rate is measured in weeks and months as opposed to minutes." http://

http://www.planktos.com/educational/thedebate.htm
(viewed May 1, 2007).
[9] Recommendation 5, chapter 10, Royal Society and Royal Academy of
Engineering, "Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and
uncertainties" published on 29 July 2004.
[10] Planktos News Release, "Planktos Offers Branson Chance to Help
Win his own Prize, 10 February 2007. on the Internet: http://

http://www.planktos.com/Newsroom/

PlanktosOffersBransonChancetoHelpWinhisownPrize.html
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