ntestinal Flukes
The principal intestinal fluke infecting humans is Fasciolopsis buski (FASS-ee-oh-LOP-siss BOOH-skee. Distributed throughout east Asia, Fasciolopsis buski is found mainly in both humans and pigs, although dogs are also known to be infected. It is a large fluke, growing to a length of 75mm x 8-20mm, and up to 3mm thick. As such it is similar to the Liver Fluke Fasciola hepatica, although it may be differentiated from this species by the shorter and less distinct cephalic cone (or "nose" at the anterior end of the fluke) in Fasciolopsis buski. The life-cycle of Fasciolopsis buski closely matches that of Fasciola hepatica, in that the infectious metacercaria stage is usually found on aquatic plants such as water chestnuts, lotus roots and water bamboo. The adult flukes live in the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) and cause localised inflammation. The outward signs of infection are usually the abdominal symptoms (discomfort, nausea, diarrhoea) associated with the inflammation of the gut wall caused by the presence of the parasite. Large numbers of flukes may obstruct the flow of materials in the intestine. Infected individuals may also suffer an immune sensitisation caused by the foreign proteins present in the parasite, which presents as fluid build up (oedema) in the face, abdomen and lower limbs.