As far as I am aware...

There are very few native Acacia sp. to temperate climes.
The vast majority flourish more as you get closer to the equator.

There is the Cat Claw {Acacia greggii} that gets as far north as southern Utah.

In Southern hemisphere the furthest south are A. caven, A. longifolia, A. mearnsii, A. melanoxylon, A.

They as a group are known as "Wattles" in Australia where the vast majority of of true Acacia are native. http://www.worldwidewattle.com

There however, other genus in the Mimosoideae-subfamily of the Fabaceae family, for America its the Albizia julibrissin {Silk Tree} that can get pretty far north.

Having no personal experience with raising Acacia sp. I can at least give some guesses. Equatorial plants in general need maximum sunlight & UV so well heated exposed place in the mountainous areas will be the best.
A mulch of white and/or shiny materials will help, along with Espaliering against a brick wall for thermal mass heat. Foil along the wall. In winter if you can't move inside, mulch the whole works in lots of dry straw and wrap in plastic with a whole in the top to breathe/water - I've used multiple stacked poly containers with the bottoms cutout for this.