Re: I don't understand.....

>- How is the zapper supposed to kill intestinal parasites, such as f. buskii, if it cannot penetrate the gut?

The standard 30 kHz frequency does not penetrate to the gut very well but it does some, especially when the copper paddles and footpads are used together.

The 2.5 kHz frequency does penetrate better and is also aided by using the copper paddles and copper footpads together.

The combination forces the signal to pass through the gut rather than just from arm to arm across the top of the chest.