Demonstrated a synergistic effect between pulsed electric field (PEF) energy and thermal energy on the destruction of Listeria monocytogenes that increased reduction from 1 log at temperatures below 55 °C to 4 logs due to PEF energy alone at 55 °C. In contrast a maximum 3 log reduction was found for E. coli O157:H7 due to PEF energy alone while no synergism with thermal energy was noted. (9)