I don't really know the difference between DE's, and don't have a PHD, but reading on DE, it's purely a physical action, the fossilized skeletal remains of diatoms literally rips up parasites. I guess the question might be who paid for this study~? If Perma-Guard funded this study, then the question is whether or not Perma-Guard is any better then other manufacturers of DE. And no offense to Dr. Knight, since I don't know all the facts but, a large portion of the search hits come up with a lawsuit against him by the University of New Mexico.