Harmful effects of iodine, including death

Harmful effects of iodine, including death

http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v024je11.htm

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Responses to excess iodine

There appears to be three types of responses to excess iodine. The first type is disturbance of thyroid activity which may alter the size of the thyroid gland and/or affect the production of thyroid hormones. There is also evidence to indicate that Iodine (or the lack of it) may alter the pattern of thyroid malignancy. The second type of response is a sensitivity reaction, and the third type of response results from acute intakes of large quantities of Iodine (iodine poisoning). The adverse effects are not uniquely related to the source of the iodine.

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2. Acute Iodine intakes. The acute toxicity of iodine to animals in the form of sodium and potassium Iodide and iodate has been reviewed by the Select Committee on GRAS Substances (1975).

Depending on the species, amounts between 200 and 500 mg/kg bw/day produced death in experimental animals. The consumption of large single doses of iodine-containing solutions by humans may have extreme side effects and may result in death. A 56-year-old female who attempted suicide with an unknown quantity of Lugol's solution showed gastrointestinal irritation and ulceration, chemical pneumonitis, hyperthyroidism, hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure (due to tubular necrosis), and metabolic acidosis (Dyck et al., 1979). A fatal case of iodine poisoning in a 57-year-old male showed symptoms of weak pulse, urinary retention, delirium, stupor, and collapse (Clark, 1981). The amount of iodine consumed was not determined. Finkelstein & Jacobi (1937) reported a case of a 29-year-old male who ingested an unknown amount of tincture of iodine and experienced vomiting, abdominal cramps, anuria, fever, irrational behavior, coma, and cyanosis. He died on the sixth day after ingesting the iodine.

Finkelstein & Jacobi (1937) reviewed six year records of the Medical Examiner's Office of New York City and found 18 instances of suicide by iodine. Death usually occurred within 48 hours after taking the solution. The amount taken was recorded in only nine cases and ranged from one to eight ounces of tincture (approximately 1,184 to 9,472 mg of iodine). Tresch et al. (1974) reported the case of a 54-year-old man who mistakenly ingested a Potassium Iodide solution which contained 15,000 mg of iodine. He survived the poisoning, but experienced ventricular irritability, swelling of face, neck, and mouth, periorbital edema, serous conjunctivitis, edematous nasal mucosa, and enlarged and tender salivary glands.

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The human response to excess iodine is variable. Some people tolerate large intakes without side effects, while others may respond adversely to levels close to recommended intakes. Based on the studies reviewed here, it is concluded that an iodine intake of one mg per day or less [which has been deemed non-hazardous by the American Medical Association (1980)] is probably safe for the majority of the population, but will cause adverse effects for some individuals. Those who are most likely to respond adversely are:

- those with other thyroid disorders (e.g., Hashimoto's Disease, euthyroid Graves' Disease);

- those who are sensitive to iodine.

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The number of deaths from iodine would be higher if it were not for the fact that it combines with starches, proteins and fats in the digestive system and is inactivated.

I challenge everyone discussing iodine on curezone to start presenting balanced information. Tweet