Re: Gerald Pollacks lecture (mind bending)
It appears that in particular environments when in contact with gels or Nafion and protruding outwards for about 200 micrometres there is what is referred to as an exclusion zone where the water does not act as the water we commonly understand. He has determined that the exclusion zone is highly negative and that the area in the water next to the exclusion zone becomes highly positive. Very similar to a battery. Gerald Pollack was able to measure the current created at about 200 Ma.
This explains why clouds form instead of viewing evaporation as being uniform across a sunny sky. Gerald Pollack uses the information to explain photosynthesis, cloud formation, and to provide a few engineering potential uses. He is working on a flow of water through a Nafion tube (about 52'20" on the tape) and by forcing the "like-likes-like" particles in the water away from the edges of the Nafion and into the center of the water flow stream. By inserting a smaller diameter pipe, he can then separate the particles in the water from the main stream . It seems a like a very effective and inexpensive way to treat water. With several passes it may smoke normal filtration.
Pollack has also measured the electrical charge created by the battery these gels and polymers create near the water at about 200 Ma. A potential for engineered energy may be realized from such a battery formed by this phenomenon.
There is more to the exclusion zone but I think Pollack's theory explains many things.