Antimicrobial Study: Various Herbs - Part 2

There are some good studies being done on herbs that grow in Asia and South America. Many herbs from those regions are very potent and some of the best. If you do a Google search on the botanical names, you can also get the English names for those herbs -- you might find that they can be obtainable through local stores (apothecaries), Asian marketplace, or online. Below are several studies showing some promise on pathogenic organisms using herbs.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&...

3: Kumar VP, Chauhan NS, Padh H, Rajani M
Search for antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants.

J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Mar 27;.

PMID: 16678369 [PumMed - Publisher]

A series of 61 Indian medicinal plants belonging to 33 different families used in various infectious disorders, were screened for their antimicrobial properties. Screening was carried out at 1000 and 500mug/ml concentrations by agar dilution method against Bacillus cereus var mycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Twenty-eight plant extracts showed activity against at least one of the test organisms used in the screening. On the basis of the results obtained, we conclude that the crude extracts of Dorema ammoniacum, Sphaeranthus indicus, Dracaena cinnabari, Mallotus philippinensis, Jatropha gossypifolia, Aristolochia indica, Lantana camara, Nardostachys jatamansi, Randia dumetorum and Cassia fistula exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and properties that support folkloric use in the treatment of some diseases as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. This probably explains the use of these plants by the indigenous people against a number of infections.

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Antimicrobial Study - Triphala

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17273983?ordinalpos=1&
itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DiscoveryPanel.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&
linkpos=5&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed

Phytother Res. 2007 May;21(5):476-80

Evaluation of the growth inhibitory activities of Triphala against common bacterial isolates from HIV infected patients.

Srikumar R, Parthasarathy NJ, Shankar EM, Manikandan S, Vijayakumar R, Thangaraj R, Vijayananth K, Sheeladevi R, Rao UA.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India 600 113.

The isolation of microbial agents less susceptible to regular antibiotics and the rising trend in the recovery rates of resistant bacteria highlights the need for newer alternative principles. Triphala has been used in traditional medicine practice against certain diseases such as jaundice, fever, cough, eye diseases etc. In the present study phytochemical (phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triphala and its individual components (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis) were tested against certain bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella paratyphi-B, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi) obtained from HIV infected patients using Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. T. chebula was found to possess high phytochemical content followed by T. belerica and E. officinalis in both aqueous and ethanol extracts. Further, most of the bacterial isolates were inhibited by the ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. chebula followed by T. belerica and E. officinalis by both disk diffusion and MIC methods. The present study revealed that both individual and combined aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triphala have antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates tested. Copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID: 17273983 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

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Black Garlic

http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/JournalsSup/07MAPOcimum sanctumSB_1_2.html

ABSTRACT

Short Communication: Black garlic (Allium sativum) was produced from ordinary white garlic (Allium sativum) clove by processing it in a temperature (70°C)- and humidity (75%)-controlled room for a month. The final product by this procedure was soft and sweet with a less irritating odor and fruity taste. The heat-extracts of black garlic were chemically and bio-functionally analyzed and compared with those of ordinary fresh garlic extracts. The aged black garlic contained an increasing amount of amino acids, and organo-sulfur substance, S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), which probably contributed much to the enhancement of anti-tumor potency. The tumor cure rate by black garlic extracts attained 50% against Meth A fibrosarcoma of BALB/c mouse by intra-tumor injection of 1 mg extracts, three times every other day. By contrast, fresh garlic extracts used as a reference failed to induce tumor-free animals, even though they reduced tumor size to 60% to compare with the tumor mass in non-treated control mouse. Additionally, the black garlic extracts showed anti-bacterial activity against medically important bacteria such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans, however its potency was less than that of fresh garlic extracts.

Iram Siddique, M. Anis (India) High Frequency Multiple Shoot Regeneration and Plantlet Formation in Cassia angustifolia (Vahl.) Using Thidiazuron (pp 282-284)

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http://www.immunice.com/clinical_studies/holy_basil

Phytother Res. 2004 Aug;18(8):670/​3.

Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants for their anti/​enteric
potential against multi/​drug resistant Salmonella typhi.

Rani P, Khullar N.

Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh/​160 014, India.

Screening was done of some plants of importance in the Ayurvedic system of traditional medicine used in India to treat enteric diseases. Fifty four plant extracts (methanol and aqueous) were assayed for their activity against multi/​drug resistant Salmonella typhi. Strong antibacterial activity was shown by the methanol extracts of Aegle marmelos, Salmalia malabarica, Punica granatum, Myristica fragrans, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Terminalia arjuna and Triphal (mixture of Emblica of fi cinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia belerica). Moderate antimicrobial activity was shown by Picorhiza kurroa, Acacia
catechu, Acacia nilotica, Cichorium intybus, Embelia ribes, Solanum nigrum, Carum copticum, Apium graveolens, Ocimum sanctum, Peucedanum graveolens and Butea monosperma.

Publication Types: Research Support, Non/​U.S. Gov't

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17212052

Zhong Yao Cai. 2006 Sep;29(9):931-6

Study on the Chinese herbal formula for treatment of vaginitis and the antimicrobial activity in murine models
Fu TT, Wu JY, Wang L, Ma Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ding H.

Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study on the various proportions of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Cortex Phellodendri, Fructus Cnidii and pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim in the formulas, whose antimicrobial effects on E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans under different pH values were compared in vitro. METHODS: According to Chinese ancient proved recipe, the K-B method and plate diluting method were adopted to measure antimicrobial activity, and orthogonal design to ascertain the herbal formula in vitro. Finally, murine models were established to test the antimicrobial activity in vivo through vaginal membrane irritancy experiment, negative rate of pathogeny and pathological grade of vaginal membrane. RESULTS: The results suggested that formulas with different proportions of the herbs had diverse antimicrobial activities, and the effect was shown to be most obvious when one milliliter drug contains 100 microl Fructus Cnidii-pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (2:1) co-extracted volatile oil and 50 microl Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Cortex Phenodendri ethanol extraction respectively under pH6. The antimicrobial effect of the formula, which hardly had any membrane irritancy, was better than Jie Eryin in vitro and vivo. CONCLUSION: The fromula has few components and better effect, and adaptation to the pH value of vaginitis. It is a promising alternative for gynecological diseases.

PMID: 17212052 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

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