C Albicans Mycelial Growth: Glucose, Fats, Glutamine, Ethanol, Trypsin, Acetic Acid

Could dietary cravings for sugar, fats, and alcohol, and acetic acid have a basis in fungal candida’s dietary requirements?

??Foods and supplements to avoid:
glucose, ethanol, acetic acid,
fruits (with trypsin enzyme), and
polyunsaturated fatty acids [18:2 and 18:3].

[18:2 omega 6: linoleic: grapeseed, hemp seed,
safflower seed, sunflower seed, wheat germ, walnut,
corn, soybean, pumpkin seed]
[18:3 omega 3: linolenic: flaxseed]

See excerpts from studies below. Click link to learn more

1986 Dimorphism-associated Variations
in the Lipid Composition of Candida albicans
http://mic.sgmjournals.org/content/132/8/2367.short

>>The total lipid content of the yeast forms
was always lower than that of the mycelial forms.

>>At both phases of growth
the apolar and polar lipid fractions
from the mycelial forms contained higher levels
of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 and 18:3)
but lower levels of oleic acid (18:1)
than the corresponding fractions from the yeast forms.

1983 An analysis of the metabolism and cell wall
composition of Candida albicans during germ-tube formation
http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/m83-233

>> analyses were carried out
with exponential-phase,
stationary-phase, and
starved yeast cells, and
during germ-tube formation.

Germ tubes formed during a 3-h incubation
of starved yeast cells (0.8 X 10(8) cells/mL)
at 37 degrees C during which time
the nutrients glucose plus glutamine
or N-acetylglucosamine (2.5 mM of each)
were completely utilized.
Control incubations with these nutrients
at 28 degrees C did not form germ tubes

>>The overall cell wall composition
of yeast cells and germ tube forming cells were similar:
lipid (2%, w/w);
protein (3-6%), and
carbohydrate (77-85%).

>>Analysis of the insoluble glucan fraction
from cells labelled with [14C]glucose
during germ-tube formation
showed that the chitin content
of the cell wall increased from 0.6% to 2.7% (w/w).

1985 Ethanol-induced Germ Tube Formation
in Candida albicans
Unable to open web site to article today.
Copy and paste title into a Search engine to locate,
if you want to read the pdf report.

>>Ethanol is the first reported compound
which can induce germ tube formation in Candida albicans
without the addition of any nitrogen-containing nutrients.
Conditions controlling induction of germ tubes
in C. albicans by ethanol were investigated.

>>Germ tubes could be induced by ethanol (0.08 to 340mM)
at temperatures ranging from 29 to 41 "C
(optimum 37 "C) and
at pH values ranging from 3.0 to 8-0 (optimum 5.75).

>>Germ tubes first appeared 45 to 60 min
after continuous exposure to ethanol at 37 "C and
all cells which formed germ tubes did so by 2 h.
Oxygen was required for germ tube formation.

>>In addition to ethanol,
l-propanol, 2-propanol, l-butanol and
acetic acid
could induce germ tube formation,
whereas methanol could not.

1976 Induction of the Mycelial Form of Candida albicans
by Hydrolysates of Peptides from Seminal Plasma
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC222187/pdf/jbacter00298-0434.pdf

>>There have been numerous conflicting claims
concerning the composition of growth media
and the environmental conditions required
for the development of the mycelial form
of C. albicans and these have been summarized
by Evans et al. (1974).

>>The recent literature and our own experience
suggest that the four factors of
a slightly alkaline pH,
a glucose concentration of 0-2 %,
a temperature of at least 37 degC [96.6 degF], and
an inoculum of 105 to 106 cells m1-1,
[100,000 – 1,000,000 cells/milliliter]
are prerequisites for inducing
a high rate of germination of blastospores.

>>In addition there is a requirement
for a nitrogen source and for salts.
The nitrogen sources used
have included various peptones;
L-asparagine,
provided that serum albumin was also present;
serum and serum dialysates
mixtures of amino acids

1978 Chitin Synthesis in Candida albicans:
Comparison of Yeast and Hyphal Forms
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC222187/pdf/jbacter00298-0434.pdf


>>Chitin synthesis was studied
in both yeast and hyphae
of the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans.

>>Enzyme activity in both yeast and hyphae
increased six- to sevenfold
when the enzyme preparations
were preincubated with trypsin.

http://www.ehow.com/list_5994846_fruits-contain-trypsin-enzymes_.html

Link shows fruits are good sources of trypsin.