U.S. marshals seize supplements - th... 
Dquixote1217
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See my notes at the end of this story - DQ
U.S. marshals seize supplements promoted as cures
Fri Oct 12, 3:36 PM ET
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. marshals seized $71,000 worth of goods from a Florida company that illegally marketed supplements to treat serious conditions such as diabetes, anemia and high blood pressure, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said on Friday.It said FulLife Natural Options, Inc., of Boca Raton, Florida, was marketing Charantea Ampalaya Capsules and Charantea Ampalaya Tea as an unapproved drug.
"These claims are evident in the products' labeling, including promotional literature and FulLife's Internet Web site," the FDA said in a statement.
"Despite FDA's warnings, the firm failed to bring its marketing into compliance with the law. During subsequent inspections, FDA inspectors found that the offending claims were still being made."
It said marshals also raided Charron Nutrition of Tallahassee, Florida, last August, which was promoting its Glucobetic, Neuro-betic, Ocu-Comp, Atri-Oxi, Super-Flex, MSM-1000, and Atri-E-400 capsules as treatments for diabetes, arthritis and other serious health conditions.
Notes:
Thank God it was a plant that has been used for centuries instead of a real approved drug like Fosmax, Gardasil, Avandia . . . . what an unholy crock and outrage this is!
Folks, this is an example of what the fight for health freedom is all about! It is exactly what the FDA, through their underlings at the State of Texas Agencies, are intending to do to Utopia Silver.
The public spoke loudly about their desire to have access to dietary supplements when DSHEA was passed over mainstream objections. The supreme court has ruled more than once on the issue of first amendment protection of freedom of commercial speech as it specifically applies to vitamins, minerals and supplements. And our forefathers damned sure did not envision a government agency run amuck that would so go against the will of the people and the law itself.
Let's take a closer look at what this is all about:
Here is the "horrible" and dangerous offending website:
But where are all the outrageous claims? Looks lke a pretty good site to me. Commercial but reasoned, and a lot of good information too. Let's see that the FDA warning letter can tell us about what it was the FDA found objectionable
http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g6069d.htm
Doctor and patient testimonials? Factual statements about a natural plant? Good grief! What they are talking about here is Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) - with a history of safe and effective uses dating back centuries. Note this excellent description of bitter melon on the RainTree Rainforest Plant Database:
http://www.rain-tree.com/bitmelon.htm
Take a good look at what bitter melon has been used for, all the countries it has been used in, and just look at all of the many, many studies that actually have been performed. And yet, the FDA contends that it has not been proven safe and effective? Only by rigging the rules to make up their own definitions!
Let's be real - the problem with the studies is that they were not conducted by a pharmaceutical company to support an altered and patentable abomination. Look at this language in the FDA letter and see how they use it to suppress competition to their lords and masters and circumvent the will of the people and supreme law of the land:
Furthermore, your product is not generally recognized as safe and effective for the above referenced conditions and therefore, the product is also a "new drug" under section 201(p) of the Act [21 U.S.C. § 321(p)]. New drugs may not be legally marketed in the U.S. without prior approval from FDA as described in section 505(a) of the Act [21 U.S.C. § 355(a)]. FDA approves a new drug on the basis of scientific data submitted by a drug sponsor to demonstrate that the drug is safe and effective. Your product "Chararttea" is also misbranded within the meaning of section 502(f)(1) of the Act, in that the labeling for this drug fails to bear adequate directions for use [21 U.S.C. § 352(f)(1)].
This is just such total hogwash. We all know how little harm dietary supplements cause, despite the FDA and a trillion dollar industry's best attempts to make mountains out of every mole hill they can find or allege to find. How can there be ANY doubt as to who the FDA serves? It surely is not the will of the people, nor is it anywhere near the will of our founding fathers or our constitution.
As Thomas Jefferson observed, the government is supposed to be a servant of the people and not vice versa. And as oour founding fathers wisely decreed in the Declaration of Independence, when the government fails to serve the people and their unalienable rights, it is our duty to change the government or replace it.
In the instance of the FDA, which has become a law and government unto itself, the time to exercise that duty seems to have arrived and then some.
An outrage!
DQ
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- In an "unrelated" piece of news - FD... Dquixote1217
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12,074
This is a reply to # 1,019,775
Again, see my notes at the end - DQ
FDA approves anti-AIDS pill from Merck
2 hours, 50 minutes ago
WASHINGTON - The government approved a novel anti-AIDS pill on Friday, offering a new option for hard-to-treat patients.
Manufacturer Merck & Co. said Isentress should be on pharmacy shelves within two weeks.
The AIDS virus uses three different enzymes to reproduce and infect cells. Numerous drugs are available that target two of those enzymes, called protease and reverse transcriptase.
Isentress is the first in a new class of medicines that blocks the third enzyme, called integrase. Added to "cocktails" of other HIV medicines, the drug can lower the amount of HIV in the blood and help infection-fighting immune cells rebound.
HIV mutates rapidly to resist various treatments, and the Food and Drug Administration approved use of Isentress in patients over age 16 whose blood tests show they are resistant to common older medications.
Side effects include diarrhea, nausea, headache and itching.
Patients take Isentress, also known as raltegravir, twice a day. A Merck spokeswoman said the drug would cost $27 a day, or $9,855 a year — in the range of other competitors.
It is the second novel HIV drug to win FDA approval in two months. Pfizer Inc.'s Selzentry works by yet another method, blocking a passage that HIV often uses to enter white blood cells.
Notes:
Speaking of Avandia, Fosamax and Gardasil, here is those FDA darlings and wonderful makers of all of those plus VIOXX and more, back in the FDA limelight. Merck - the magic word for FDA approval and protection.
In reading the above story, something about "Side effects include" bothered me. "Include" means that there could be others, doesn't it? A bit of checking for Isentress found:
Blood tests showed abnormally elevated levels of a muscle enzyme—creatine kinase—in some patients receiving Isentress. According to the FDA, Isentress should be used with caution by patients who are at an increased risk of muscle problems like myopathy and rhabdomyolosis, which includes patients using other medications known to cause these conditions.
http://www.aidsmeds.com/archive/MK-0518_1639.shtml
I wonder why that did not make the news story? Maybe because the test for muscle wasting or rhabdomyolysis is elevated levels of a chemical called creatine kinase?
Now, looking back to the previous posted story - does anyone think that if somehow the hundreds of millions necessary could be raised to get a natural plant like bitter melon through trials for FDA approval without the money coming from a pharmaceutical company who intended to make a patentable alteration, and those tests revealed any instances of elevated creatine kinase, or muscle wasting, that it would pass?
No, you have to be a Merck to pull that off - and then side effects and even deaths seem not to matter much, at least not until huge profits have been reaped. Now, this is not to say that the new Merck concoction might not have benefits, just that we don't have anything like a fair playing field, And never mind that there are natural supplements, such as Sutherlandia OPC, that may work better than the entire basketful of FDA approved side effect laden chemical "cocktails". As long as Big Pharma pulls the FDA puppet strings, you will never see those approved for medicinal use.
And the beat goes on . . . .
Wait a minute - look at the end of the story:
It is the second novel HIV drug to win FDA approval in two months. Pfizer Inc.'s Selzentry works by yet another method, blocking a passage that HIV often uses to enter white blood cells.
Pfizer? Those are the lovely folks that created their own organization to represent diatery supplement companies, and installed at the head a person who still is on the Pfizer payroll!
Maybe they will go to bat for bitter melon. Yeah, right. Like Holy Laibow-Stubblebine will really go to bat for health freedom.
DQ
- Yes, this is frustrating, but... #69242
17 y
11,842
MoreThis is a reply to # 1,019,775Those practicing alternative medicine must be cautious in the way they represent their healing remedies and therapies, so not to imply the diagnosis, treatment or cure of disease. Unless, of course, they are licensed to do so and have blessings from the FDA. These are the laws. Not that I think this is right, but it is law.
Speedy- No buts about it, those with the gol... Dquixote1217
17 y
11,932
MoreThis is a reply to # 1,019,848Advertisement
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I beg to differ - it is the way the FDA twists and interprets the law. Look at the website in question. Where do they say treat, diagnose or cure? Except in the disclaimer where they specifically state that the aren't.
The FDA considers merely stating that a supplement might be beneficial for a medical condition to be a medical claim. And they consider any freely given customer testimonials to be advertisements - despite the Supreme Court ruling otherwise on at least two occasions and noting that the law provides for the FDA to accept disclaimers when health claims are made.
Thus far, the FDA has only allowed health claims and accepted such disclaimers when used on foods made by huge corporations - you know, the ones that process out the nutrition, use GMO crops and put in harmful additives for taste, texture, color and shelf life. Even though dietary supplements are considered food.
Do you see a pattern here? Greed and profit win out and our health rights get screwed royally! The FDA and other agencies like it are no longer servants of the people and are not performing the will of the people. It is not only our right, it is our patriotic duty to change or abolish them!
A good start, imho, would be supporting Ron Paul, not only in his presidential bid, but also in his proposed legislation that would force the FDA to prove dietary supplements were harmful before banning or restricting them.
DQ
- The letter is only a warning: #69242
17 y
11,977
This is a reply to # 1,019,852We live in a governed society where there are rules and laws that we must follow.
So, if alternative practitioners can start claiming to heal people with their drugs, then I guess we could also believe that someone who wants to help others stay safe could put on an "alternative" police officer uniform and go around policing others???
Again, there are rules.
FDA’s claim:
“product is a drug because it is intended for use in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease”
Definition of drug:
"a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease (3): a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body"
Reasons:
·"In many cases, . . , they were able to greatly reduce the more expensive diabetes medicines."
·"The addition of Charnatea food supplements helps sensitize the body to the diabetic medications."
·"It is also our experience that in mast cases, after a few days or within a month after our diabetic patients starts drinking Charantia tea to fortify their usual daily diet, regular exercise and medication, their blood Sugar goes down to an even lower level than before, there is less sharp rises [sic] or 'spiking' and it remains more stable for longer periods of time."
·"What I've seen in my patients is that their blood Sugar has decreased, plus they felt much better and those who have wounds, they healed faster (with regular use of Charantia)."
These claims are further supplemented by the metatags that you use to bring consumers to your website. These metatags include "Enjoy Lower Blood Sugar Naturally," and "Proven to improve glucose tolerance & lower blood sugar."
Furthermore, your product is not generally recognized as safe and effective for the above referenced conditions and therefore, the product is also a "new drug" under section 201(p) of the Act [21 U.S.C. § 321(p)]. New drugs may not be legally marketed in the U.S. without prior approval from FDA as described in section 505(a) of the Act [21 U.S.C. § 355(a)]. FDA approves a new drug on the basis of scientific data submitted by a drug sponsor to demonstrate that the drug is safe and effective. Your product "Chararttea" is also misbranded within the meaning of section 502(f)(1) of the Act, in that the labeling for this drug fails to bear adequate directions for use [21 U.S.C. § 352(f)(1)].
What the FDA tells company to do to resolve issue:
This letter is not intended to be an all-inclusive review of your web site and products your firm markets. It is your responsibility to ensure that all products marketed by your firm comply with the Act and its implementing regulations . We urge you to review your web site, product labels, and other labeling and promotional materials for your products to ensure that the claims you make for your products do not cause them to violate the Act.
Failure to promptly correct the violations specified above may result in enforcement action without further notice. Enforcement action may include seizure of violative products and/or injunction against the manufacturers and distributors of violative products.
They simply need to get smart and learn how to work around the rules, it can be done.
Speedy
- Re: The letter is only a warning: LuellaMay
17 y
12,019
This is a reply to # 1,019,974Advertisement
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Oh G-d.
Speedy, no. With this type of reasoning you have put yourself smack dab at their mercy. This is exactly what they want, complacency.
Nobody has the right to exert their power with intent to harm us. Yet, the master bullies of the universe are doing just that. We are giving them our lunch money and more.
Drugs do not cure people at all. They perpetuate illness. The supplements provided solely by nature, Mother Earth, on the other hand, do heal. This is what they consider a problem. More accurately, this is what they fear most.
If we are healed, the medical profession, Big Pharma, the FDA and the likes of them do not make money. That is what it is all about. Money makes the world go round and the stakes are everything. Even our death.
Don't think for one minute these doctors and government agencies care for you. They care nothing about our welfare. All they care about is the wealth they accumulate from our illnesses, the illnesses they perpetuate, because if healed, their money flow abruptly comes to a halt.
This is serious and we are merely pawns. Throwaway pawns. There's always another pawn they can pick from the huge pile.
We need to stand up for our rights. Enough is enough. And they have gone way too far.
Hugs,
Luella
- What led you to believe that I think... #69242
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This is a reply to # 1,020,002"Drugs do not cure people at all. They perpetuate illness. The supplements provided solely by nature, Mother Earth, on the other hand, do heal. This is what they consider a problem. More accurately, this is what they fear most.
If we are healed, the medical profession, Big Pharma, the FDA and the likes of them do not make money. That is what it is all about. Money makes the world go round and the stakes are everything. Even our death.
Don't think for one minute these doctors and government agencies care for you. They care nothing about our welfare. All they care about is the wealth they accumulate from our illnesses, the illnesses they perpetuate, because if healed, their money flow abruptly comes to a halt."
When did I ever give the impression that I buy into this dogma???
1. I am not for drugs or conventional medicine
2. I know the government does not care for us
3. I know it's all about $$$
Perhaps my background in law studies contributes to much of my reasoning here, but as I said earlier, we live in a governed society with rules to follow and I believe there are ways to advertise natural remedies without making waves.
Speedy
- Re: What led you to believe that I t... Dquixote1217
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This is a reply to # 1,020,059Advertisement
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And I believe that is a way to change the laws so that they are not rigged against God and nature and in favor of greedy men who care little about our health.
I did not THINK you felt that way, but posts quoting unfair laws hold no sway with me. History is full of unfair laws - they weren't right then and they aren't right now.
But I do understand where you are coming from. Hopefully next time you will take a road that does not lead through the bad guys neighborhood.
DQ
- Re: What led you to believe that I t... #77203
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This is a reply to # 1,020,059It is obvious from reading tons of noise that speedy1 creates that he is here with a definite goal, and is probably paid to do so. Goal being far from achieving perfect health too.
If you ignore speedy1's posts, you will miss nothing.
Don't forget that this forum is available to everyone and will attract those who don't have our health in their best interests. Just like some "accidental" comments made on TV by "casual passers-by" after some tragic events, and so on... evil works on all fronts.- Re: What led you to believe that I t... #67751
17 y
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This is a reply to # 1,020,297"and is probably paid to do so." Good god is that pathetic. Are you people that thin skinned and paranoid? Is one little dessenting voice that much of a threat to you?
- Really comical isn't it! #69242
17 y
11,891
This is a reply to # 1,020,340Hard to believe that someone could even come up with this idea. I almost addressed it, but didn't feel that it was worth the effort.
Speedy- Re: Really comical isn't it! yelrah
17 y
11,958
This is a reply to # 1,020,348We need a lot more speedy1's here. Curezone has been dumbed down the last 3 years, by those who think that they should be paid to baffel people with b.s.
KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK SPEEDY!!!!!!!!! I am learning from you.
We have one who is trying to moderate the Iodine support forum from the io supp. forum. Baffel them with b.s. doesen't work at Iodine support. EOM!!!!!- You are a blessing! #69242
17 y
11,622
This is a reply to # 1,020,377Advertisement
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You don't know how much I needed to hear that!
I was beginning to think that no one appreciated my thoughts. Granted I can be rough around the edges at times, but truly my intentions are pure at heart. [I won't lie; I do love to debate, so a healthy arguement is entertaining for me] I hope that I made a difference on the Iodine forums. I must admit I am very concerned about the advice given there. The idea of attempting to detox with just a few minerals is shear madness. I am fearful that someone could become seriously ill in attempting this form of Iodine therapy. It's all about balance, just as God has intended for us, in complete form.
Anyway, again thanks for the lift.
I look forward to hearing from you in future posts!
Speedy
- You are a blessing! #69242
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11,622
- Re: Really comical isn't it! yelrah
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- Really comical isn't it! #69242
17 y
11,891
- Re: What led you to believe that I t... #67751
17 y
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- Re: What led you to believe that I t... Dquixote1217
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- What led you to believe that I think... #69242
17 y
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- Don't be so naive! Dquixote1217
17 y
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This is a reply to # 1,019,974
You are beginning to worry me here.
OK, let's cut the crap out and look at the facts and you tell me what you do not understand:
- Dietary supplements have a history of safe and effective use. Only a tiny handful of deaths can be attributed to them each year compared to tens of thousands of deaths caused by approved drugs. Therefore it is obvious to most thinking people who keep their eyes open that the overzealous enforcement by the FDA under the guise of public safety is a sham. If they cared a whit about public safety they would not pass abominations like Vioxx, Avandia, Fosamax, Gardasil, Bextra, Alleve, and Aspartame and then leave them on the market far past the evidence piling up of deaths and horrific side effects.
- The public has demanded access to dietary supplements as evidenced by the passing of DSHEA against the FDA and AMA's wishes, and those in Congress under their control - and the law clearly provides for the FDA to accept health claims made in advertising and labeling when accompanied by a disclaimer. The company clearly used such a disclaimer. However, the FDA chooses to allow such disclaimers only on actual food products that are made by huge corporations - a disparity noted in one of the Supreme Court rulings against the FDA.
- The FDA very clearly seeks to restrict such access in order to protect their lords and masters, the trillion dollar world pharma empire for competition that is safer, far less expensive and often more effective. All one has to do is look at the Plant Database entry for Bitter Melon to see that it's history of use and numerous studies should be far more than adequate to consider it reasonably safe.
- Freedom of commercial speech is protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution. Regardless of the laws or regulations the FDA chooses to selectively enforce, Constitutional protections take precedent over all of them. In two Supreme Court cases involving vitamins, minerals and supplements the Supreme Court has upheld the right to make such health claims and include testimonials.
I happen to be very close to an ongoing dispute that began with an FDA complaint and is clearly orchestrated by the FDA. Here is what the FDA wants, and this is what the "only a warning letter" sought from the company it had raided: The FDA wants all nentions of medical condititons taken off websites. Period. The FDA further wants all all testimonials which state health benefits or mention a medical condition taken off websites. What the FDA wants is a website where when a potential customer comes looking for relief for any condition, they will find no mention of that condition nor find any testimonials from anyone who has used a product for that condition.
So, if the company they just raided had heeded the"warning letter" and complied to the FDA's satisfaction, a person with diabetes, which bitter melon clearly helps, would go to their website and not be able to find the word diabetes anywhere, would not even find it in the search terms, and would find no one who said they had used bitter melon for diabetes. Obviously, complying with the FDA demands would so cripple the company that it would likely not be abel to survive, and people would be turned away from safe natural help and back to mainstream diabetes medicines and their side efffects that lead to more and more drugs. Which is the idea all along and is a crock of manure of the foulest order.
The will of the people is clear, What is also clear is that the FDA is making every attempt to circumvent that will, from selective enforcement, twisted and self serving interpretations, restrictions against DSHEA under the guise of guideline revisions, support of Codex, and the push for a North American Union style agreement between Canada, Mexico and the United States which would overturn DSHEA.
This is the same FDA who sent similar warning letters to cherry growers for making health claims the made cherries a drug - despite the proven anti-oxidant and other benefits of cherries. Now what exactly was the dangerof eating cherries? Only that people might become healthier and not have to buy FDA approved drugs!
Before you continue to rationalize and justify the actions of the FDA and those who really control mainstream medicine, I suggest you do a bit of research:
Tyranny in the USA: The true history of FDA raids on healers, vitamin shops and supplement companies
Healthcare for Dummies - How Homeopathic and Natural Healing Were Suppressed
And perhaps you might ponder why it is that in any given year, over half of the top managers who leave the FDA end up going to lucrative jobs with the very companies they were supposed to oversee. Such as the outgoing FDA chairman who left under a cloud of scandal who approved Aspartame on his way out - over the objections of the FDA's own top scientific advisor and over the unanimous objections of the soft drink industry - and ended up with a high paid job at guess where: the makers of Aspartame.
Now, if you read those articles and consider what I have said here and still want to apologize for the FDA or justify the way they selectively enforce laws and regulations . . . all I can say is that you are on the wrong forum!
DQ
- Re: The letter is only a warning: chrisb1
17 y
11,937
This is a reply to # 1,019,974Advertisement
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FDA’s claim:
“a product is a drug if it is intended for use in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease”
I totally agree with DQ's and Luellas posts on this thread.
The FDA's claim is complete nonsense.
By the above definition Vitamin C is a drug, which it most clearly is not. Doesn't Vitamin C cure the disease of Scurvy? and doesn't Niacin (Vitamin B3) cure Pellagra? There are numerous Natural substances that cure & treat many diseases, so are these substances "Drugs" as well!!!!!???
This just complies with the definition of what the the FDA describes as a drug....for the benefit of the pharmaceutical companies.
A stand has to be made somewhere and at some point in time to eradicate this affrontery to our liberty.
A background in Law speedy should provide an insight into what can be done against these FDA thugs and the congressional puppets of Big Pharma.
- Re: The letter is only a warning: LuellaMay
17 y
12,019
- The letter is only a warning: #69242
17 y
11,977
- Re: Yes, this is frustrating, but... LuellaMay
17 y
11,928
This is a reply to # 1,019,848
Speedy, did we vote on any of these laws or did the powers that be arbitrarily write these rules up? I don't recall voting for anything like this.
What I see is that our rights have been usurped by these powers that be.
We cannot simply just sigh and say that is the law because a lot of worse laws that will further take your freedoms (whatever is left) are coming down the pipe.
We are those provebials frogs in a pot of water. The water is pretty darned hot now. Are we going to jump out now or just sit there until we boil to death?
Hugs,
Luella
- Re: Yes, this is frustrating, but... #69242
17 y
11,686
This is a reply to # 1,019,999Advertisement
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Personally, I think the best course of action here it to outsmart them.
Period.
I respect your view as well as DQ's and I certainly appreciate that you have brought this matter to mine and everyone else’s attention, it is a vary serious challenge facing the health industry today, as the laws are really constricting and only going to get more constricting as more instances like this arise. Perhaps this is just what we need to get us going in the fighting direction. We need to find ways to deal with these problems because they are only getting worse; the FDA is really cracking down on natural remedies. But to fight in this world you have to be able to work through the proper channels.
Speedy
- Re: Yes, this is frustrating, but... #69242
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- No buts about it, those with the gol... Dquixote1217
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11,932
- The problem was not with supplements... White Shark
17 y
12,204
This is a reply to # 1,019,775The problem was not with supplements.
If you make claims like:
"This product cures diabetes/anemia/high blood pressure"
"This product prevents diabetes/anemia/high blood pressure"
"This product treats diabetes/anemia/high blood pressure"
etc
And you have no data: "Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials"
to prove effectiveness, data published in peer-reviewed journals ... you should not make the claims.
Why should they be allowed to make a claims ... but the rest of us have to follow the law and sell our products without similar claims?
It is FDA that approves Claims.
Imagine how would USA be if everyone could make a claims of any kind:
"This product cures diabetes/anemia/high blood pressure"
without any hard data to prove your claims.
You would have a total chaos.
Read just how angry people were with Vioxx.
Now, imagine 10 million Vioxxes!
There is a reason why FDA exists.
The problem is corruption of FDA employees, not the law.
The law is correct.
If you have no data, don't make claims!
White Shark- No, the problem is the way the game ... Dquixote1217
17 y
19,353
BSA Educational
This is a reply to # 1,020,094Advertisement
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As I recall, Vioxx "legally" made those kind of claims because they did go through "randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials to prove effectiveness, data published in peer-reviewed journals". Their product was soon found to be a killer and the FDA you say is so essential let it remain on the market until over 60,000 deaths had been attributed to it - more than we lost in Vietnam and many times more than all the deaths attributed to supplements in the history of our country.
And the sorry SOB's at Merck decided to fight every single claim in court, arguing that if there was even a 10 percent chance that something else could have caused a death, then it could not be determined beyond a shadow of a doubt that Vioxx was to blame. So far, they have not paid out a single dime in damages. There is your darling FDA, FDA approved safe drug and a drug manufacturer who plays by "the rules" for you.
The mainstream line that you parrot sounds so reasonable until you realize just how the rules have been rigged to suppress dietary supplements and force our money and our lives into the lab created medicines and lifetimes of managed illness that is Big Pharma and mainstream western medicine.
Did you even bother to look at the Rain Forest Plant Database entry for Bitter Melon? Just in case you missed it, I will copy it for you below. What more proof, and how many more studies could anyone possibly want - except those that wish to use the rules to suppress natural competition of the things we encounter in nature.
"Double-blind, placebo controlled studies in peer reviewed journals" didn't do squat for a long line of FDA approved killers. That is just using the rules and the game, such as the many hundred million dollars it takes to get a "new drug' through trials, which all the FDA approved killers did because they have the money to do so and can get a patent and sole control on unnatural substances - and, given the track record, be assured that their FDA lapdogs will approve them and leave them on the market long enough to reap billions of dollars of profits regardless of the death toll.
Dietary supplements are not supposed to be treated as drugs! They are made up by and large from natural botanicals, vitamins and mineralsthings we have lived with for hundreds of thousands of years, not some lab created monstrosity that is unnatural to put in our bodies. That is why the DSHEA made them dietary supplements - so they could be treated as FOOD!
If the problem was merely claims, then why does the FDA allow other food items to make such claims and use the disclaimer, as provided by law, and yet not allow dietary supplements to do the same thing, as also provided by law the FDA chooses to selectively enforce? Except things like cherries - far too natural, I guess and not nearly as highly processed and genetically modified as the foods that have been allowed to use the exception.
The law is rigged. And yes there is a reason why the FDA exists. Let's hear that reason as given by the last FDA commissioner to stand up to pressure from the industry to approve unsafe drugs and to suppress natural alternatives:
"The FDA 'protects' the big drug companies and are subsequently rewarded, and using the government's police powers they attack those who threaten the big drug companies. People think that the FDA is protecting them.
It isn't.
What the FDA is doing and what the public thinks it is doing are as different as night and day."
Dr. Herbert Ley
Former U.S. FDA CommissionerCorrupt FDA employees? No, by and large many of the lower level employees believe that what they are doing is right. Like most corrupt organizations, it is the ones at the top that are corrupt, having been bought off by gifts and promised of lucrative future jobs by those they are supposed to oversee.
Speaking of foods, when the drug makers are able to to make their lab created unnatural drugs as safe as our natural supplements, then come back and demand that they meet the same failed standards. Until then, don't try to feed us any more mainline crap, because we aren't swallowing it!
In case you missed it, here is what the FDA is seizing and protecting us from while they leave Fosamax, Avandia, Gardasil and Aspartame on the market:
Bitter Melon
(Momordica charantiaFamily: Cucurbitaceae
Genus: Momordica
Species: charantia
Synonyms: Momordica chinensis, M. elegans, M. indica, M. operculata, M. sinensis, Sicyos fauriei
Common Names: bitter melon, papailla, melao de sao caetano, bittergourd, balsam apple, balsam pear, karela, k'u kua kurela, kor-kuey, ku gua, pava-aki, salsamino, sorci, sorossi, sorossie, sorossies, pare, peria laut, peria
Part Used: whole plant, fruit, seedBITTER MELON HERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS Main Actions Other Actions Standard Dosage - kills bacteria
- reduces inflammation
Leaves, Fruit - kills viruses
- fights free radicals
Decoction: 1 cup 1-2 times daily 1 cup 1-2 times daily - kills cancer cells
- enhances libido
Tincture: 1-3 ml twice daily 1-3 ml twice daily - kills leukemia cells
- cleanses blood
Capsules: 1 g twice daily - prevents tumors
- detoxifies
- treats diabetes
- expels worms
- reduces blood sugar
- balances hormones
- reduces blood pressure
- enhances immunity
- lowers body temperature
- mildly laxative
- lowers cholesterol
- promotes milk flow
Bitter melon grows in tropical areas, including parts of the Amazon, east Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, and is cultivated throughout South America as a food and medicine. It's a slender, climbing annual vine with long-stalked leaves and yellow, solitary male and female flowers borne in the leaf axils. The fruit looks like a warty gourd, usually oblong and resembling a small cucumber. The young fruit is emerald green, turning to orange-yellow when ripe. At maturity, the fruit splits into three irregular valves that curl backwards and release numerous reddish-brown or white seeds encased in scarlet arils. The Latin name Momordica means "to bite," referring to the jagged edges of the leaves, which appear as if they have been bitten. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, taste very bitter.
TRIBAL AND HERBAL MEDICINE USES
In the Amazon, local people and indigenous tribes grow bitter melon in their gardens for food and medicine. They add the fruit and/or leaves to beans and soup for a bitter or sour flavor; parboiling it first with a dash of salt may remove some of the bitter taste. Medicinally, the plant has a long history of use by the indigenous peoples of the Amazon. A leaf tea is used for diabetes, to expel intestinal gas, to promote menstruation, and as an antiviral for measles, hepatitis, and feverish conditions. It is used topically for sores, wounds, and infections and internally and externally for worms and parasites.
In Brazilian herbal medicine, bitter melon is used for tumors, wounds, rheumatism, malaria, vaginal discharge, inflammation, menstrual problems, diabetes, colic, fevers, worms. It is also used to induce abortions and as an aphrodisiac. It is prepared into a topical remedy for the skin to treat vaginitis, hemorrhoids, scabies, itchy rashes, eczema, leprosy and other skin problems. In Mexico, the entire plant is used for diabetes and dysentery; the root is a reputed aphrodisiac. In Peruvian herbal medicine, the leaf or aerial parts of the plant are used to treat measles, malaria, and all types of inflammation. In Nicaragua, the leaf is commonly used for stomach pain, diabetes, fevers, colds, coughs, headaches, malaria, skin complaints, menstrual disorders, aches and pains, hypertension, infections, and as an aid in childbirth.
PLANT CHEMICALS
Bitter melon contains an array of biologically active plant chemicals including triterpenes, proteins, and steroids. One chemical has clinically demonstrated the ability to inhibit the enzyme guanylate cyclase that is thought to be linked to the cause of psoriasis and also necessary for the growth of leukemia and cancer cells. In addition, a protein found in bitter melon, momordin, has clinically demonstrated anticancerous activity against Hodgkin's lymphoma in animals. Other proteins in the plant, alpha- and beta-momorcharin and cucurbitacin B, have been tested for possible anticancerous effects. A chemical analog of these bitter melon proteins has been developed, patented, and named "MAP-30"; its developers reported that it was able to inhibit prostate tumor growth. Two of these proteins-alpha- and beta-momorcharin-have also been reported to inhibit HIV virus in test tube studies. In one study, HIV-infected cells treated with alpha- and beta-momorcharin showed a nearly complete loss of viral antigen while healthy cells were largely unaffected. The inventor of MAP-30 filed another patent which stated it was "useful for treating tumors and HIV infections . . . " Another clinical study showed that MAP-30's antiviral activity was also relative to the herpes virus in vitro.
In numerous studies, at least three different groups of constituents found in all parts of bitter melon have clinically demonstrated hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) properties or other actions of potential benefit against diabetes mellitus. These chemicals that lower blood sugar include a mixture of steroidal saponins known as charantins, insulin-like peptides, and alkaloids. The hypoglycemic effect is more pronounced in the fruit of bitter melon where these chemicals are found in greater abundance.
Alkaloids, charantin, charine, cryptoxanthin, cucurbitins, cucurbitacins, cucurbitanes, cycloartenols, diosgenin, elaeostearic acids, erythrodiol, galacturonic acids, gentisic acid, goyaglycosides, goyasaponins, guanylate cyclase inhibitors, gypsogenin, hydroxytryptamines, karounidiols, lanosterol, lauric acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, momorcharasides, momorcharins, momordenol, momordicilin, momordicins, momordicinin, momordicosides, momordin, multiflorenol, myristic acid, nerolidol, oleanolic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, pentadecans, peptides, petroselinic acid, polypeptides, proteins, ribosome-inactivating proteins, rosmarinic acid, rubixanthin, spinasterol, steroidal glycosides, stigmasta-diols, stigmasterol, taraxerol, trehalose, trypsin inhibitors, uracil, vacine, v-insulin, verbascoside, vicine, zeatin, zeatin riboside, zeaxanthin, and zeinoxanthin are all found in bitter melon.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
To date, close to 100 in vivo studies have demonstrated the blood sugar-lowering effect of this bitter fruit. The fruit has also shown the ability to enhance cells' uptake of glucose, to promote insulin release, and to potentiate the effect of insulin. In other in vivo studies, bitter melon fruit and/or seed has been shown to reduce total cholesterol. In one study, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetic rats were returned to normal after 10 weeks of treatment.
Several in vivo studies have demonstrated the antitumorous activity of the entire plant of bitter melon. In one study, a water extract blocked the growth of rat prostate carcinoma; another study reported that a hot water extract of the entire plant inhibited the development of mammary tumors in mice. Numerous in vitro studies have also demonstrated the anticancerous and antileukemic activity of bitter melon against numerous cell lines, including liver cancer, human leukemia, melanoma, and solid sarcomas.
Bitter melon, like several of its isolated plant chemicals, also has been documented with in vitro antiviral activity against numerous viruses, including Epstein-Barr, herpes, and HIV viruses. In an in vivo study, a leaf extract increased resistance to viral infections and had an immunostimulant effect in humans and animals, increasing interferon production and natural killer cell activity.
In addition to these properties, leaf extracts of bitter melon have demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Various extracts of the leaves have demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activities against E. coli, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Streptobacillus, and Streptococcus; an extract of the entire plant was shown to have antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica. The fruit and fruit juice have demonstrated the same type of antibacterial properties and, in another study, a fruit extract demonstrated activity against the stomach ulcer-causing bacteria Helicobacter pylori.
Many in vivo clinical studies have demonstrated the relatively low toxicity of all parts of the bitter melon plant when ingested orally. However, toxicity and even death in laboratory animals has been reported when extracts are injected intravenously. Other studies have shown extracts of the fruit and leaf (ingested orally) to be safe during pregnancy. The seeds, however, have demonstrated the ability to induce abortions in rats and mice, and the root has been documented as a uterine stimulant in animals. The fruit and leaf of bitter melon have demonstrated an in vivo antifertility effect in female animals; and in male animals, to affect the production of sperm negatively.
CURRENT PRACTICAL USES
Over the years scientists have verified many of the traditional uses of this bitter plant that continues to be an important natural remedy in herbal medicine systems. Bitter melon capsules and tinctures are becoming more widely available in the United States and are employed by natural health practitioners for diabetes, viruses, colds and flu, cancer and tumors, high cholesterol, and psoriasis. Concentrated fruit and seed extracts can be found in capsules and tablets, as well as whole herb/vine powders and extracts in capsules and tinctures.
BITTER MELON (leaf/stem) PLANT SUMMARY Main Preparation Method: leaf decoction or capsules Main Actions (in order):
anticancerous, antiviral, antibacterial, digestive stimulant, hypoglycemicMain Uses:
- for cancer
- for viral infections (HIV, herpes, Epstein Barr, hepatitis, influenza, and measles)
- for bacterial infections (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Salmonella)
- as a bitter digestive aid (for dyspepsia and sluggish digestion)
- for diabetes
antibacterial, anticancerous, anti-fertility, antileukemic, antiprotozoal, antitumorous, antiviral, hypoglycemic, immune stimulantOther Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use:
antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiseptic, bitter, carminative (expels gas), digestive stimulant, febrifuge (reduces fever), hypotensive (lowers blood pressure), lactagogue (promotes milk flow), menstrual stimulator, purgative, vermifuge (expels worms), wound healerCautions: It may lower blood sugar levels.
BITTER MELON (fruit/fruit seed) PLANT SUMMARY Main Preparation Method: fruit juice Main Actions (in order):
hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol), antibacterial, carminative (expels gas), bitterMain Uses:
- for diabetes
- for high cholesterol and triglyceride levels
- for H. pylori ulcers
- as a bitter digestive aid for intestinal gas, bloating, stomachache, and sluggish digestion
- for intestinal parasites
abortive, contraceptive, antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol), hypoglycemicOther Properties/Actions Documented by Traditional Use:
antifungal, antiparasitic, antivenin, bitter, cardiotonic (tones, balances, strengthens the heart), digestive stimulant, emetic (causes vomiting), menstrual stimulator, purgative (strong laxative), vermifuge (expels worms)Cautions: It lowers blood sugar levels and has abortive and contraceptive effects.
Traditional Preparation: 1 cup of a standard leaf or whole herb decoction is taken one or two times daily, or 1-3 ml of a 4:1 tincture is taken twice daily. Powdered leaf in tablets or capsules - 1 to 2 g can be substituted, if desired. The traditional South American remedy for diabetes is to juice 1-2 fresh bitter melon fruits and drink twice daily. For seed or fruit extracts in capsules or tinctures, follow the label instructions.
Contraindications:- Bitter melon traditionally has been used as an abortive and has been documented with weak uterine stimulant activity; therefore, it is contraindicated during pregnancy.
- This plant has been documented to reduce fertility in both males and females and should therefore not be used by those undergoing fertility treatment or seeking pregnancy.
- The active chemicals in bitter melon can be transferred through breast milk; therefore, it is contraindicated in women who are breast feeding.
- All parts of bitter melon (especially the fruit and seed) have demonstrated in numerous in vivo studies that they lower blood sugar levels. As such, it is contraindicated in persons with hypoglycemia. Diabetics should check with their physicians before using this plant and use with caution while monitoring their blood sugar levels regularly as the dosage of insulin medications may need adjusting.
- Although all parts of the plant have demonstrated active antibacterial activity, none have shown activity against fungi or yeast. Long-term use of this plant may result in the die-off of friendly bacteria with resulting opportunistic overgrowth of yeast (Candida). Cycling off the use of the plant (every 21-30 days for one week) may be warranted, and adding probiotics to the diet may be beneficial if this plant is used for longer than 30 days.
Drug Interactions: Bitter melon may potentiate insulin and anti-diabetic drugs and cholesterol-lowering drugs.
WORLDWIDE ETHNOMEDICAL USES Brazil for abortions, burns, colic, constipation, dermatosis, diabetes, diarrhea, eczema, fever, flu, hemorrhoids, hepatitis, hives, itch, impotency, leprosy, leukemia, libido, liver inflammation, malaria, menstrual problems, pain, rheumatism, scabies, skin, tumor, vaginal discharge, vaginitis, worms, wounds China for breast cancer, diabetes, fever, halitosis, impotency, renal insufficiency, kidney problems Cuba for anemia, colitis, diabetes, fever, hyperglycemia, intestinal parasites, kidney stones, liver problems, menstrual problems, sterility (female), worms Haiti for anemia, constipation, dermatosis, eye infections, fever, liver diseases, skin problems, rhinitis, and as an appetite stimulant and insecticide India for abortions, birth control, constipation, diabetes, eczema, fat loss, food, fever, gout, hemorrhoids, hydrophobia, hyperglycemia, increasing milk flow, intestinal parasites, jaundice, kidney stones, leprosy, liver, menstrual disorders, pneumonia, psoriasis, rheumatism, scabies, skin, snakebite, vaginal discharge Mexico for bowel function, burns, diabetes, dysentery, impotency, libido, scabies, sores, worms Malaya for abdominal pain, asthma, burns, Celiac's disease, dermatosis, diarrhea, headache, intestinal parasites, stomachache, worms Nicaragua for aches, anemia, childbirth, colds, constipation, cough, diabetes, fever, headache, hypertension, infections, lung disorders, malaria, pain, pregnancy, rashes, skin problems Panama for colds, diabetes, fever, flu, gallbladder problems, hives, hypertension, itch, malaria, menstrual problems, and as an insecticide Peru for colic, constipation, contusions, diabetes, diarrhea, fever, hepatitis, inflammation, intestinal parasites, lung problems, malaria, measles, menstrual problems, skin sores, pus, wounds Trinidad for diabetes, dysentery, fever, hypertension, malaria, rheumatism, worms
Quoted References on Bitter Melon
10. Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae. "Papailla", "Balsam pear". Fruit edible cooked. Plant decoction used for colic, and worms; infusion of fruit and flowers used for hepatitis. Seed pulp mixed with lard as a suppurative (SOU). Considered vermicide, stomachic, emmenagogue, and very effective in the expulsion of Trichocephalos. Fruit decoction used as febrifuge and emetic (PEA). Leaf decoction used by the "Cuna" for measles (RVM), by Brazilians for fever, itch, and sores (BDS). Seeds and pericarp contain saponin glycosides which produce elaterin and alkaloids, which causes vomiting and diarrhea (LAE). Leaf infusion a common folk remedy for diabetes around Iquitos (AYA). TRAMIL cites it as relatively POISONOUS (TRA). On the patent for Compound Q for AIDS, as a source of momocharin. Also contains rosmarinic acid, with antiviral activity and calceolarioside and verbascoside."
Available third-party documentation and research on bitter melon can be found at PubMed. A partial listing of the published research on bitter melon is shown below:
Antimicrobial Actions (virus, bacteria, fungi):
Vashishta, A., et al. "In vitro refolded napin-like protein of Momordica charantia expressed in Escherichia coli displays properties of native napin." Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2006; 1764(5): 847-55.
Das, P., et al. "Screening of antihelminthic effects of Indian plant extracts: a preliminary report." J. Altern. Complement. Med. 2006 Apr; 12(3): 299-301.
Schmourlo, G., et al. “Screening of antifungal agents using ethanol precipitation and bioautography of medicinal and food plants.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan; 96(3): 563
Jiratchariyakul, W., et al. "HIV inhibitor from Thai bitter gourd." Planta Med. 2001 Jun; 67(4): 350-3.
Zheng, Y. T., et al. “Alpha-momorcharin inhibits HIV-1 replication in acutely but not chronically infected T-lymphocytes.” Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999; 20(3): 239-43.
Frame, A. D., et al. “Plants from Puerto Rico with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis properties.” P. R. Health Sci. J. 1998; 17(3): 243–52.
Khan, M. R., et al. “Momordica charantia and Allium sativum: Broad spectrum antibacterial activity.” Korean J. Pharmacog. 1998; 29(3): 155–58.
Bourinbaiar, A. S., et al. “The activity of plant-derived antiretroviral proteins MAP30 and GAP31 against Herpes simplex virus in vitro.” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996; 219(3): 923–29.
Omoregbe, R. E., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants’ extracts on Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae.” Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci. 1996; 25(4): 373–75.
Lee-Huang, S., et al. “Inhibition of the integrase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 by anti-HIV plant proteins MAP30 and GAP31.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1995; 92(19): 8818–22.
Dong, T. X., et al. “Ribosome inactivating protein-like activity in seeds of diverse Cucurbitaceae plants.” Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1993; 25(3): 415–19.
Zhang, Q. C. “Preliminary report on the use of Momordica charantia extract by HIV patients.” J. Naturopath. Med. 1992; 3: 65–9.
Hussain, H. S. N., et al. “Plants in Kano ethomedicine: Screening for antimicrobial activity and alkaloids.” Int. J. Pharmacog. 1991; 29(1): 51–6.
Huang, T. M., et al. “Studies on antiviral activity of the extract of Momordica charantia and its active principle.” Virologica. 1990; 5(4): 367–73.
Lee-Huang, S. “MAP 30: A new inhibitor of HIV-1 infection and replication.” FEBS Lett. 1990; 272(1–2): 12–18.
Takemoto, D. J. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor with anti-viral activity from the bitter melon.” Prep. Biochem. 1983; 13(4): 371–93.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor from the bitter melon Momordica charantia.” Prep. Biochem. 1982; 12(4): 355-75.
Anticancerous & Cytotoxic Actions:
Hwang, Y., et al. "Momordin I, an inhibitor of AP-1, suppressed osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and also reduced osteoclast activity and survival." Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005 Nov; 337(3): 815-23.
Yasui, Y., et al. “Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARgamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells.” Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2005 Aug; 73(2): 113-9.
Ike, K., et al. “Induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and T helper 1 (Th1) immune response by bitter gourd extract.” J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2005; 67(5): 521-4.
Nagasawa, H., et al. “Effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) or ginger rhizome (Zingiber offifinale Rosc.) on spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in SHN mice.” Am. J. Clin. Med. 2002; 30(2–3): 195–205.
Kim, J. H., et al. “Induction of apoptosis by momordin I in promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells.” Anticancer Res. 2002 May-Jun; 22(3): 1885-9.
Tazzari, P. L., et al. “An Epstein-Barr virus-infected lymphoblastoid cell line (D430B) that grows in SCID-mice with the morphologic features of a CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and is sensitive to anti-CD30 immunotoxins.” Haematologica. 1999; 84(11): 988-95.
Lee, D. K., et al. “Momordins inhibit both AP-1 function and cell proliferation.” Anticancer Res. 1998 Jan-Feb; 18(1A): 119-24.
Terenzi, A., et al. “Anti-CD30 (BER=H2) immunotoxins containing the type-1 ribosome-inactivating proteins momordin and PAP-S (pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds) display powerful antitumor activity against CD30+ tumor cells in vitro and in SCID mice.” Br. J. Haematol. 1996; 92(4): 872–79.
Bolognesi, A., et al. “Induction of apoptosis by ribosome-inactivating proteins and related immunotoxins.” Int. J. Cancer. 1996 Nov; 68(3): 349-55.
Battelli, M. G., et al. “Toxicity of ribosome-inactivating proteins-containing immunotoxins to a human bladder carcinoma cell line.” Int. J. Cancer. 1996 Feb; 65(4): 485-90.
Lee-Huang, S., et al. “Anti-HIV and anti-tumor activities of recombinant MAP30 from bitter melon.” Gene. 1995; 161(2):151–56.
Cunnick, J. E., et al. “Induction of tumor cytotoxic immune cells using a protein from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).” Cell Immunol. 1990 Apr; 126(2): 278-89.
Zhu, Z. J., et al. “Studies on the active constituents of Momordica charantia l.” Yao. Hsueh. Hsueh. Pao. 1990; 25(12): 898–903.
Stirpe, F., et al. “Selective cytotoxic activity of immunotoxins composed of a monoclonal anti-Thy 1.1 antibody and the ribosome-inactivating proteins bryodin and momordin.” Br. J. Cancer. 1988 Nov; 58(5): 558-61.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor with anti-viral activity from the bitter melon. Part 2.” Prep Biochem. 1983; 13(5): 397-421.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “The cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on human lymphocytes.” Toxicon. 1982; 20: 593–99.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Guanylate cyclase activity in human leukemic and normal lymphocytes. Enzyme inhibition and cytotoxicity of plant extracts.” Enzyme. 1982; 27(3): 179–88.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Partial purification and characterization of a guanylate cyclase inhibitor with cytotoxic properties from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1980; 94(1): 332–39.
Claflin, A. J., et al. “Inhibition of growth and guanylate cyclase activity of an undifferentiated prostate adenocarcinoma by an extract of the balsam pear (Momordica charantia abbreviata).” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1978; 75(2): 989–93.
Vesely, D. L., et al. “Isolation of a guanylate cyclase inhibitor from the balsam pear (Momordica charantia abbreviata).” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1977; 77(4): 1294–99.
Antidiabetic & Hypoglycemic Actions:
Omar, S., et al. "Hypoglycemic effect of the seeds of Momordica charantia." Fitoterapia. 2007; 78(1): 46-7.
Ojewole, J., et al. "Hypoglycaemic and hypotensive effects of Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) whole-plant aqueous extract in rats." Cardiovasc. J. S. Afr. 2006 Sep-Oct; 17(5): 227-32.
Mahomoodally, M., et al. "Effect of exogenous ATP on Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) induced inhibition of d-glucose, l-tyrosine and fluid transport across rat everted intestinal sacs in vitro." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Sep 26;
Lans, C. "Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus." J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine. 2006 Oct 13; 2:45.
Chuang, C., et al. "Fractionation and identification of 9c, 11t, 13t-conjugated linolenic acid as an activator of PPARalpha in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." J. Biomed. Sci. 2006 Nov; 13(6): 763-72.
Krawinkel, M., et al. "Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia): A dietary approach to hyperglycemia." Nutr. Rev. 2006; 64(7 Pt 1): 331-7.
Harinantenaina, L., et al. "Momordica charantia constituents and antidiabetic screening of the isolated major compounds." Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2006; 54(7): 1017-21.
Abd El Sattar, E., et al. "Some toxicological studies of Momordica charantia L. on albino rats in normal and alloxan diabetic rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Nov; 108(2): 236-42.
Yibchok-Anun. S., et al. "Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities." Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2006 Jun;29(6):1126-31.
Jung, M., et al. "Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants." Curr. Med. Chem. 2006; 13(10): 1203-18.
Kumar, G., et al. "Effect of bitter gourd and spent turmeric on constituents of glycosaminoglycans in different tissues in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats." Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2006 Jun; 286(1-2) :53-8.
Reyes, B., et al. "Anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr; 105(1-2): 196-200.
Khan, B., et al. "Hypogylcemic activity of aqueous extract of some indigenous plants." Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2005; 18(1): 62-4.
Zheng, Z.X., et al. “The hypoglycemic effects of crude polysaccharides extract from Momordica charantia in mice.” Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005 May; 34(3): 361-3.
Reyes, B. A., et al. “Anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 16;
Sathishsekar, D., et al. “Beneficial effects of Momordica charantia seeds in the treatment of STZ-induced diabetes in experimental rats.” Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005; 28(6): 978-83.
Shetty, A. K., et al. “Effect of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) on glycaemic status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.” Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2005 Sep; 60(3): 109-12.
Kumar Shetty, A., et al. “Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) modulates activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.” Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005; 49(8): 791-6.
Chaturvedi, P., et al. “Effect of Momordica charantia on lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.” Phytother. Res. 2004; 18(11): 954-6.
Vikrant, V., et al. “Treatment with extracts of Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana prevents hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in fructose fed rats.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 76(2): 139–43.
Miura, T., et al. “Hypoglycemic activity of the fruit of the Momordica charantia in type 2 diabetic mice.” J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 2001; 47(5): 340–44.
Raza, H., et al. “Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress in chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with Momordica charantia fruit extract.” J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2000; 14(3): 131–39.
Ahmad, N., et al. “Effect of Momordica charantia (Karolla) extracts on fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels in NIDDM patients.” Bangladesh Med. Res. Counc. Bull. 1999; 25(1): 11–13.
Ahmed, I., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice on islet morphology in the pancreas of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.” Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 1998; 40(3): 145–51.
Sarkar, S., et al. “Demonstration of the hypoglycemic action of Momordica charantia in a validated animal model of diabetes.” Pharmacol. Res. 1996; 33(1): 1–4.
Ali, L., et al. “Studies on hypoglycemic effects of fruit pulp, seed and whole plant of Momordica charantia on normal and diabetic model rats.” Planta Med. 1993; 59(5): 408–12.
Akhtar, M. S. “Trial of Momordica charantia Linn (Karela) powder in patients with maturity-onset diabetes.” J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 1982; 32(4): 106–7.
Cholesterol-Lowering & Antioxidant Actions:
Nerurkar, P., et al. "Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2." Br. J. Pharmacol. 2006 Aug; 148(8): 1156-64.
Chan, L. L., et al. “Reduced adiposity in bitter melon (Momordica charantia)-fed rats is associated with increased lipid oxidative enzyme activities and uncoupling protein expression.” J. Nutr. 2005; 135(11): 2517-23.
Chen, Q., et al. “Reduced adiposity in bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fed rats is associated with lower tissue triglyceride and higher plasma catecholamines.” Br. J. Nutr. 2005; 93(5): 747-54.
Hsieh, C. L., et al. “Inhibitory effect of some selected nutraceutic herbs on LDL glycation induced by glucose and glyoxal.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Dec; 102(3): 357-63.
Chaturvedi, P. “Role of Momordica charantia in maintaining the normal levels of lipids and glucose in diabetic rats fed a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet.” Br. J. Biomed. Sci. 2005; 62(3): 124-6.
Sathishsekar, D., et al. “Antioxidant properties of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.” Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005; 14(2): 153-8.
Ansari, N. M., et al. “Antioxidant activity of five vegetables traditionally consumed by South-Asian migrants in Bradford, Yorkshire, UK.” Phytother. Res. 2005; 19(10): 907-11.
Senanayake, G.V. et al. “The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts on serum and liver lipid parameters in hamsters fed cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets.” J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 2004 Aug; 50(4): 253-7.
Ahmed, I., et al. “Hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of anti-diabetic Momordica charantia (Karela) fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.” Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2001; 51(3):155–61.
Jayasooriya, A. P., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 72 (1–2): 331.
Anti-ulcer Actions:
Dengiz, G. O., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) on indomethacin-induced ulcer model in rats.” Turk. J. Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun; 16(2): 85-88.
Yesilada, E., et al. “Screening of Turkish anti-ulcerogenic folk remedies for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 66(3): 289–93.
Anti-fertility Actions:
Girini, M. M., et al. “Effect of graded doses of Momordica charantia seed extract on rat sperm: scanning electron microscope study.” J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2005; 16(1): 53-66.
Bhakuni, D. S., et al. “Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part XIII.” Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1988; 26(11): 883RY–904
Koentjoro-Soehadi, T., et al. “Perspectives of male contraception with regards to Indonesian traditional drugs.” Proc. Second National Congress of Indonesian Society of Andrology. 1982; Aug. 2–6: 12.
Dixit, V. P., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia fruit extract on the testicular function of dog.” Planta Med. 1978; 34: 280–86.
Prakash, A. O., et al. “Screening of Indian plants for antifertility activity.” Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1976; 14: 623–626.
Stepka, W., et al. “Antifertility investigation on Momordica.” Lloydia. 1974; 37(4): 645c
Jamwal, K. S., et al. “Preliminary screening of some reputed abortifacient indigenous plants.” Indian J. Pharmacy 1962; 24: 218–20.
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