Human Parasites
|
Helminth species
|
Numbers
(millions) |
Distribution
|
Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus |
1,298.00
|
Worldwide; developing countries |
Ascaris lumbricoides |
1,472.00
|
Worldwide; developing countries |
Brugia malayi and Brugia timori |
13.00
|
E. Indonesia islands; Philippines; S.E. Asia; Southern China; India. |
Clonorchis sinensis |
7.01
|
China; Korea; Taiwan; Vietnam |
Diphyllobothrium latum |
9.00
|
Worldwide where certain raw fish is eaten. |
Dracnunculus medinensis |
0.08
|
Sub-Sahara Africa; Yemen |
Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis |
2.70
|
Worldwide |
Echinostoma spp. |
0.15
|
Philippines; Thailand |
Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica |
2.40
|
China; Egypt; Europe; Iran; South America |
Fasciolopsis buski |
0.21
|
Bangladesh; Cambodia; China; India; Indonesia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam. |
Heterophyes heterophyes (and related species) |
0.24
|
Egypt; Iran; Korea |
Hymenolepis nana |
75.00
|
Americas; Australia; developing countries |
Loa loa |
13.00
|
West and central Sub-Saharan Africa |
Metagonimus yokogawai (and related species) |
0.66
|
Korea; S.E. Asia. |
Onchocerca volvulus |
17.66
|
Central and South America; Sub-Saharan Africa; Yemen |
Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus |
10.33
|
Kazakhastan; Laos; Thailand; Ukraine |
Paragonimus westermani (and related species) |
20.68
|
China; Laos; Korea; Ecuador; Peru |
Schistosoma haematobium |
113.88
|
Africa; E. Mediterranean region |
Schistosoma intercalatum |
1.73
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Schistosoma japonicum |
1.55
|
China; Western Pacific region |
Schistosoma mansoni |
83.31
|
Africa; Caribbean; E. Mediterranean region |
Schistosoma mekongi |
0.91
|
Cambodia; Laos |
Strongyloides stercoralis |
70.00
|
Worldwide (warmer countries) |
Taenia saginata |
77.00
|
Worldwide (related to beef consumption) |
Taenia solium |
10.00
|
Worldwide (related to raising pigs for pork) |
Trichuris trichiura |
1,049.00
|
Worldwide; developing countries |
Wuchereria bancrofti |
107.00
|
Asia; Central and South America; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Pacific countries |
Do parasites cause morbidity or deaths?
Estimates of global morbidity and mortality rates
due to major human helminth infections.
The format of this table was modified from that presented in the orignal publication. Note that these diseases cause relatively few deaths, but that each causes significant morbidity, and it is the chronic and disabling nature of these diseases that have such an impact on human populations, especially in developing countries.
Parasitic Disease
|
Number of Infections
(millions) |
Morbidity (%)
|
Mortality
(number) (%) |
Ascariasis |
1,472
|
23
|
60,000
0.004 |
Hookworm infections |
1,298
|
12
|
65,000
0.005 |
Lymphatic filariasis |
120
|
37
|
|
Onchocerciasis |
18
|
4.2
|
45,000
0.25 |
Schistosomiasis |
200
|
10
|
20,000
0.01 |
Trichuriasis |
1,049
|
21
|
10,000
0.001 |
Source: Journal of Parasitology 85:379-403 Dr. D.W.T. Crompton (Crompton, D.W.T. [1999] How much human helminthiasis is there in the world?)
How many different species of parasites are there?
Helminths species reported from human hosts.
By Taxonomic Group
Source: Journal of Parasitology 85:379-403 Dr. D.W.T. Crompton (Crompton, D.W.T. [1999] How much human helminthiasis is there in the world?)
Acanthocephala |
7 species
|
Nematoda |
138 species
|
Nematomorpha |
24 species
|
Platyhelminthes |
173 species
|
Digenea |
113 species
|
Eucestoda |
57 species
|
Turbellaria |
3 species
|
TOTAL |
342 species
|
Can parasites live inside our organs?
Parasites By Location Within the Host.
Source: Journal of Parasitology 85:379-403 Dr. D.W.T. Crompton (Crompton, D.W.T. [1999] How much human helminthiasis is there in the world?)
Alimentary tract |
197 species
|
Cavities, organs, and tissues |
107 species
|
Circulatory system |
21 species
|
Skin and tissues |
56 species
|
Can I get tested for parasites?
There are only few laboratories in the USA, that we know of, which are competent to diagnose the presence of some parasites in the feces and in the intestines. BUT, not the presence of all species of parasites. Recognizing microscopic parasitic eggs in the feces is much harder job then finding bacteria, yeast or virus. "Good" labs are:
- Meridian Valley Labs.
24030 132nd Ave. SE
Kent, Washington 98042
(800) 234-6825
- Great Smokies Labs.
18 A Regent Park Blvd.
Asheville, North Carolina 28806
(800) 522-4762
You might also find a competent physician in your area by contacting these
labs for that information.
It is generally cheaper and easier to do
herbal or Coenzyme Q10 parasites
cleanse, then to diagnose the presence of parasites in the feces. If you do
have worms, parasites cleanse will get them out, and that is the best diagnoses.
Don't bother sending specimens to local laboratories.
Ascaris Lumbricoides, large roundworm of humans, is the most common nematode parasite of humans, infecting an estimated 1.47 billion individuals. Pathology can result from pneumonia caused by the worm's migration through the lungs, blocking of the gastrointestinal track or the bile or pancreatic duct. Ascaris Lumbricoides is physically indistinguishable from Ascaris suum.
What are the symptoms of internal parasites?
Possible signs and symptoms of internal parasites:
-
Feel tired most of the time (Chronic Fatigue)?
- Have digestive problems? (gas, bloating, constipation or diarrhea that come and go but never really clear up)
- Have gastrointestinal symptoms and bulky stools with excess fat in feces?
- Suffer with food sensitivities and environmental intolerance?
- Developed allergic-like reactions and cant understand why?
- Have joint and muscle pains and inflammation often assumed to be arthritis?
- Suffer with anemia or iron deficiency (pernicious anemia)?
- Have hives, rashes, weeping eczema, cutaneous ulcers, swelling, sores, papular lesions, itchy dermatitis?
- Suffer with restlessness and anxiety?
- Experience multiple awakenings during the night particularly between 2 and 3 am?
- Grind your teeth?
- Have an excessive amount of bacterial or viral infections?
- Depressed?
- Difficulty gaining or losing weight no matter what you do?
- Did a Candida program which either didnt help at all or helped somewhat but you still cant stay away from bread, alcohol, fruit, or fruit juices?
- Just cant figure out why you dont feel really great and neither can your doctor?
- itchy ears, nose, anus
- forgetfulness, slow reflexes, gas and bloating, unclear thinking;
- loss of appetite, yellowish face
- fast heartbeat, heart pain, pain in the navel;
- eating more than normal but still feeling hungry;
- pain in the back, thighs, shoulders;
- lethargy;
- numb hands;
- burning sensation in the stomach;
- drooling while sleeping;
- damp lips at night, dry lips during the day, grinding teeth while asleep;
- bed wetting;
- women: problems with the menstrual cycle;
- men: sexual dysfunction;
These are only possible symptoms, and please keep in mind that not everyone that has a few of these symptoms should automatically make the assumption that they are infected; however, if you suspect infection or have been unsuccessfully treated for a problem, it is worth doing some specific parasite cleansing.Parasites as Cofactors for AIDS
New - Parasites Images - Worms
All Parasites Images - 60 pagesPeople Infected - 5 pages
Rice in your stool? 5 pages
Ascaris Lumbricoides 3 Pages
Recommended Books
Read also: Bowel cleanse
GENERAL PROGRAM FOR HEALTH IMPROVEMENT
Information from the book:
by Ann Louise Gittleman. All copyrights apply.
Parasites are a serious public health threat because so few people are talking about them and even fewer people are listening when they are being discussed. They are insidious because of the common misconception among medical people and the general public that parasites are generally a Third World problem where malnutrition and poor hygienic practices exist. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Tests often do not show parasites because the testing procedures are by and large outdated and inadequate.
Heres What Informed People Are Saying . . . .
An article in June 27, 1978, Miami Herald states that a nationwide survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control in 1976 revealed that one in every six people selected at random had one or more parasites.
Louis Parrish, M.D. a New York City physician who specializes in parasites, wrote in 1991, "based upon my experience, I estimate in the New York metropolitan area that 25 % percent of the population is infected . . . . . . . . Projections for the year 2025 suggest that more than half of the 8.3 billion people on Earth will then be infected with parasitic diseases."
"We have a tremendous parasite problem right here in the United States - its just not being identified." - Peter Weiner, Ph.D., Chief of Pathobiology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 1991.
"I strongly believe that every patient with disorders of immune function, including multiple allergies (especially food allergy), and patients with unexplained fatigue or with chronic bowel symptoms should be evaluated for the presence of intestinal parasites." - Leo Galland, M.D. Townsend Letter for Doctors, 1988.
"Make no mistake about it, worms are the most toxic agents in the human body. They are one of the primary underlying causes of disease and are the most basic cause of a compromised immune system." - Hazel Parcells, D.C., N.D., Ph.D., 1974.
Who Gets Parasites?
Everyone is susceptible.
Lets look at some of the reasons for rising parasitic infections. This list is taken from page 9/10 of Louise Gittlemans book, Guess What Came to Dinner.
Rise in international travel.
Contamination of municipal and rural water supplies.
Increasing use of Day-care centers.
Influx of refugee and immigrant populations from endemic areas.
Return of armed forces from overseas.
Continued popularity of household pets.
Increasing popularity of exotic regional foods.
Use of antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs.
The sexual revolution.
The spread of AIDS.
There are four pathways that we can be infected:
Via food or water which are sources of the roundworm, amoebae, giardia.
Via a vector - mosquito carrier of dog heartworm, filaria, malaria; flea is a carrier of dog tapeworm; common housefly transmits amebic cysts; sand fly carries leishmaniasis.
Via sexual contact where partners can transmit trichomonas, giardia, amoebae.
Through the nose and skin where pinworm eggs and Toxoplasma gondii can be inhaled from contaminated dust, hookworms, schistosomes, and strongyloides can penetrate exposed skin and bare feet.
"Another parasitic pathway is the airplane. Extensive foreign travel has exposed people to a whole gamut of exotic diseases never before encountered in their homeland." Guess What Came to Dinner by Louise Gittleman, pg. 22.
Here are a few of the ways we could have become infected:
Traveled to foreign countries?
Walked barefoot outside or inside your house (especially if you have pets that
share your environment)?
Eaten pork or shellfish?
Have pets in your home?
Petted animals and neglected to wash your hands?
Put your hands into your mouth?
What Are Some of The Symptoms of Parasite Infestation?
These are only possible symptoms, and please keep in mind that not everyone that has a few of these symptoms should automatically make the assumption that they are infected; however, if you suspect infection or have been unsuccessfully treated for a problem, it is worth doing some specific parasite cleansing.
Feel tired most of the time (Chronic Fatigue)?
Have digestive problems? (gas, bloating, constipation or diarrhea that come and go but never really clear up)
Have gastrointestinal symptoms and bulky stools with excess fat in feces?
Suffer with food sensitivities and environmental intolerance?
Developed allergic-like reactions and cant understand why?
Have joint and muscle pains and inflammation often assumed to be arthritis?
Suffer with anemia or iron deficiency (pernicious anemia)?
Have hives, rashes, weeping eczema, cutaneous ulcers, swelling, sores, papular lesions, itchy dermatitis?
Suffer with restlessness and anxiety?
Experience multiple awakenings during the night particularly between 2 and 3 am?
Grind your teeth?
Have an excessive amount of bacterial or viral infections?
Depressed?
Difficulty gaining or losing weight no matter what you do?
Did a Candida program which either didnt help at all or helped somewhat but you still cant stay away from bread, alcohol, fruit, or fruit juices?
Just cant figure out why you dont feel really great and neither can your doctor?
How Many Kinds of Parasites Are There?
There are three classes of parasites and within each class are many varieties of them.
The known number of parasites today is around 130 different kinds.
Microscopic organisms known as Protozoa are invisible to the eye. They are
one-celled but reproduce rapidly, can take over the intestinal tract and from there
go on to other organs and tissues. They have been described as "microscopic
vampires".Phylum Nematoda (Round worms)Larger parasites or worms known as Nematoda that are visible to the eye (if you know what you are looking for). They are multi-cellular and multiply by producing eggs.
Phylum trematoda (flat worms)
Phylum cestoda (Tape worms) known as Cestoda are the largest intestinal inhabitants of man. They have a head that attaches to the intestinal wall. As long as the head is attached a new worm can grow from it.
How Can These Parasites Affect Our Health?
Louise Gittleman says that many unexplained health conditions often disappeared when parasites were eliminated from the body. These conditions included "environmental illness, skin problems, digestive problems, excessive fatigue, hypoglycemia, arthritic-like pains, long-standing obesity, and even depression."
Should Children be De-Wormed?
Absolutely, if you want ultimate health for your children. Children pick up parasites too. Putting dirty hands, and other objects in their mouths, sharing cups, food and toys with other children who may be infected and not washing their hands properly after using the bathroom or handling family pets are only a few ways of becoming infected with parasites. Obviously, because of your childs age and weight, the amount should be reduced accordingly.
Why Dont Doctors Often Diagnose Parasites?
Many parasite-based problems can mimic diseases that are more familiar to the doctor. Roundworm infection has been misdiagnosed as peptic ulcer; amoebic colitis is often mislabeled as ulcerative colitis; chronic fatigue syndrome and yeast infection may be a chronic case of giardiasis.; diabetes and hypoglycemia may be caused by tapeworm infection.
Parasitology courses (study of human parasites) are usually offered by a tropical disease department meaning that the medical community generally perceived parasites as primarily a foreign concern. In addition, it is difficult to accurately diagnose the problem because the parasites own reproductive cycle in which eggs or cysts are passed at irregular intervals makes diagnoses tricky.
Herbs :
Herbal books refer to the following as being effective for parasite elimination. They are:
Green Hull Black Walnut Hulls, Diatomaceous Earth, Cloves, Garlic, Pumpkin
Seeds, Wormwood, Goldenseal, Sage, Thyme, Fennel, Male Fern, Cranberry Powder, Grape Seed Extract.
You may in fact be taking one or more of these ingredients; however, they may not be in a high enough amount to initially rid the body of parasites, but would be adequate to provide protection against future infection once you clear up the condition.
Parasites And Worms: A Review Of The Medical Literature: Biology and Epidemiology of Filarial Nematodes
Bancroft's Filarial Worm (Wuchereria bancroft) Brugia malayi Schistosomiasis: Schistosomiasis: Fact Sheet ASCARIS http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/Chap30.html
From: http://members.aol.com/fedprac/trematod.htm ______________ 85-95% of adults have parasites but don't know it. You may be one of the unlucky ones. Some health practitioners have even linked a type of parasite to cancer! The subject of this article is terrifying, but the information may help you improve your health.... Articles by Michael Biamonte, D.N.
|
Cleansing Parasites
Native Americans knew that humans are plagued by parasites. Other native peoples, from the Arctic to the Antarctic, also knew that humans, like animals, have parasites. They frequently purged themselves by inducing diarrhea or vomiting to rid themselves of their slimy invaders...
Clarkia is a unique handcrafted herbal tincture combining Green-Black Walnut Hulls, Wormwood, and ground Cloves. Clarkia is formula recommended by Dr. Hulda R. Clark to deal with many parasites.
Dr. Hulda Clarks book The Cure for All Diseases explains in detail how to cleanse the kidneys, and her cleansing program will get rid of most if not all the stones, WITHOUT surgery. It is not difficult or complicated.
Dr. Clark Gallstones Cleanse here
"Cleansing the liver of gallstones dramatically improves digestion, which is the basis of your whole health. You can expect your allergies to disappear, too, more with each cleanse you do! Incredibly, it also eliminates shoulder, upper arm, and upper back pain. You have more energy and increased sense of well being...
Dr Richard Schulze:
- Dr. Richard Schulze - Herbs for Nutrition and Colon Cleanse Program - Basic Cleansing and Detoxification Program
- Dr. Richard Schulze - BOWEL CLEANSING & DETOXIFICATION
- Dr. Richard Schulze - 5 Day Kidney Cleansing and Detoxification Program
- Dr. Richard Schulze - Liver 5 Day Cleansing and Detoxification Program
- Dr. Richard Schulze - Immune System Herbs
- Dr. Richard Schulze - Curing With Cayenne
- Dr. Richard Schulze - Why Most Herbal Formulas Don't Work
- Dr. Richard Schulze - AIDS - You Can Cure It
Links to best Parasites web sites:
- Parasites, Parasites, Parasites
- Parasites and Parasitological Resources
- Pets and Parasites
Images and Pages
Worms
With over 500,000 species, nematodes constitute the second largest class in the animal kingdom. Nematodes are elongated, cylindrical, nonsegmented worms with rounded anterior and pointed posterior ends. The species commonly infecting humans include Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms), Ascaris lumbricoides, Anisakis marina, Capillaria philippinensis, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Strongyloides stercoralis, and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm).
ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS here
ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS here - life cycle
Trichinella here
Ascaris here
Hookworms here
Intestinal Nematodes - images
- Ascaris lumbricoides adult male and female here
- Ascaris lumbricoides eggs : complete, decorticated and unfertilized here
- Ascaris lumbricoides larva in section of lung (H&E) here
- Enterobius vermicularis adult male and female here
- Enterobius vermicularis egg here
- Enterobius vermicularis egg - Scanning Electron Microscope image here
- Enterobius vermicularis detail of opercular region of egg - Scanning Electron Microscope image here
- Enterobius vermicularis adults in section of appendix (H&E) here
- Tichuris trichiura adult male and female here
- Trichuris trichiura eggs, unstained and haematoxylin stained here
- Trichuris trichiura adults in section of appendix (H&E) here
- Ancylostoma brasiliense adult male and female here
- Ancylostoma duodenale adult male and female here
- Necator americanus adult male and female here
- Necator americanus adult female, anterior end here
- Necator americanus adult female, anterior and posterior ends here
- Necator americanus adult male, posterior end here
- Hookworm eggs here
- Hookworm filariform larvae here
- Strongyloides stercoralis rhabditiform larva here
Nematodes from Other Body Sites- images
- Onchocerca volvulus adults in section of tumour (H&E) image
- Wuchereria bancrofti adults in section of lymph node (H&E) image
- Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in peripheral blood, giemsa stain image
- Trichinella spiralis larvae in muscle section (H&E) and muscle press image
- Capillaria hepatica eggs in section of liver (H&E) image
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis in section of lung and brain (H&E) image
- Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria in peripheral blood (giemsa) and section of
nodule in lung (H&E) image
Veterinary Parasites - images
- Ascaris suum (Pig Roundworm) egg, embryonated and deshelled image
- Aspiculuris tetraptera (Mouse Threadworm) egg - Scanning Electron Microscope image image
- Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Cockroach Threadworm) egg image
- Syphacia obvelata (Mouse Threadworm) eggs in perianal tape smear from mouse image
- Syphacia obvelata (Mouse Threadworm) egg - Scanning Electron Microscope image image
- Toxocara canis (Dog Roundworm) egg, embryonated image
Phylum trematoda (flat worms)
Trematodes (or flukes) are flat worms that cause significant morbidity in human hosts. These parasites have complex lifecycles involving multiple generations and hosts. Trematodes causing significant human disease include Fasciolopsis buski, the heterophyids (Metagonimus yokogawai and Heterophyes heterophyes ) and the amphistomes (Gastrodiscoides hominis).
Trematodes (or flukes) (flat worms)
Tissue Trematodes - Flat worms images
- Fasciola hepatica adult, carmine stain here
- Fasciola hepatica adult in section of liver (H&E) here
- Fasciola hepatica egg here
- Fasciola hepatica miracidium here
- Fasciola hepatica in section of snail tissue (H&E) here
- Fasciola hepatica rediahere here
- Fasciola hepatica cercaria here
- Fasciola gigantica adult, carmine stain here
- Fasciolopsis buski adult, carmine stain here
- Fasciolopsis buski egg here
- Clonorchis sinensis adult, carmine and haematoxylin stain here
- Clonorchis sinensis egg here
- Clonorchis sinensis adults in section of liver (H&E) here
- Heterophyes heterophyes adult, carmine stain here
- Heterophyes heterophyes egg here
- Echinostoma sp. adult, carmine stain here
- Echinostoma sp. redia and cercaria here
- Paragonimus westermani adult, carmine stain here
- Paragonimus westermani adult in section of lung (H&E) here
- Paragonimus westermani egg here
Schistosomes - flat worm images
- Schistosoma haematobium adult male here
- Schistosoma haematobium egg here
- Schistosoma haematobium eggs in section of bladder (H&E) here
- Schistosoma japonicum adult male and female here
- Schistosoma japonicum adult male and female, in copula here
- Schistosoma japonicum egg here
- Schistosoma japonicum eggs in tissue section (H&E) here
- Schistosoma mansoni adult male and female here
- Schistosoma mansoni adult male and female, in copula here
- Schistosoma mansoni egg, whole and in section (H&E) here
- Schistosoma mansoni miracidium here
- Schistosoma mansoni in section of snail tissue (H&E) here
- Schistosoma mansoni cercaria here
Phylum cestoda (tapeworms)
Cestodes (or tapeworms) are parasites of the gastro-intestinal tract whose lifecycle requires at least one intermediate host. They are long, flat worms that have a scolex or sucker located at the head. The cestodes that cause significant human disease include Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Hymenolepsis nana and Diphyllobothrium latum.
Cestodes (or tapeworms)
Platyhelminthes : Cestoda - Tapeworms images
- Diphyllobothrium latum scolex and gravid proglottids here
- Dphyllobothrium latum egg here
- Spargana in section of muscle (H&E) here
- Taenia saginatagravid proglottid here
- Taenia soliumscolex and gravid proglottid here
- Taenia soliumcysticercus, whole and in section of muscle (H&E) here
- Tenia sp. egg here
- Hymenolepis nana adult here
- Hymenolepis nana egg here
- Hymenolepis nana cysticercoid here
- Hymenolepis diminuta scolex and gravid proglottids here
- Hymenolepis diminuta egg here
- Echinococcus granulosus adult here
- Echinococcus granulosus egg here
- Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in section of lung (H&E) here
- Echinococcus granulosus hydatid sand here
- Dipylidium caninum scolex and segments here
- Dipylidium caninum eg here
Recognition and Treatment of Common Helminthic Infections
Intestinal Protozoa
Images
Images List
- Entamoeba histolytica cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites in section of intestine (H&E) here
- Entamoeba coli cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Entamoeba coli trophozoite, trichrome stained here
- Entamoeba hartmanni cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Endolimax nana cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Iodomoeba butschlii cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Blastocystis hominis vacuolated stage, trichrome stained here
- Giardia intestinalis cysts, unstained and trichrome stained here
- Giardia intestinalis cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Giardia intestinalis trophozoites in section of intestine (H&E) here
- Chilomastix mesnili cyst and trophozoite, haematoxylin stained here
- Balantidium coli cyst and trophozoite here
- Balantidium coli trophozoites in section of intestine (H&E) here
- Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts, unstained and Modified Kinyoun's acid fast stain here
- Enterocytozoa sp. - 10x trichrome stain here
- Pleistophora sp. - 10x trichrome stain here
Plasmodium
Malaria - Images
- Plasmodium sp. oocysts on mosquito stomach here
- Plasmodium sp. pre-erythrocytic form in liver (H&E) here
- Plasmodium sp. malarial pigment in section of liver (H&E) here
- Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium falciparum peripheral blood from a moribund patient, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium falciparum cerebral malaria (H&E) here
- Plasmodium malariae trophozoites in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium malariae schizonts and gametocytes in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium ovale trophozoites in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium vivax trophozoite, schizont and gametocyte in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium vivax trophozoites in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium vivax schizont and gametocyte in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Plasmodium vivax exflagellation of gametocyte, giemsa stain here
Protozoa from Other Body Sites - Images
- Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite, Pap stain here
- Leishmania donovani promastigotes from culture here
- Leishmania donovani amastigotes from spleen smear here
- Leishmania donovani amastigotes in section of spleen (H&E) here
- Trypanosoma cruzi promastigotes from culture here
- Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in section of cardiac muscle (H&E) here
- Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote in peripheral blood, giemsa stain here
- Sarcocystis lindemanni cyst in section of muscle (H&E) here
- Pneumocystis cariniii from bronchial smear, toluidine blue stain here
- Babesia argentina in peripheral blood, giemsa here
Several years before the AIDS epidemic, many gay men became infected by intestinal parasites which previously had occurred mostly in the tropics. These diseases -- mainly amebiasis and giardiasis -- started to spread through sexual transmission, to infect as many as 80 percent of gay men. Once infected, persons can carry the parasites for years unless they are treated.
Parasites as Cofactors for AIDS
The growing body of evidence is supporting the idea that parasitic disease may be an essential factor for AIDS. The theory was based upon three lines of evidence :
- all the risk groups for AIDS had evidence for chronic "pan-immunosuppression" prior to HIV/AIDS
- the epidemic of parasites in homosexuals preceded AIDS by a few years. That was a common factor with African and Haitian risk Groups.
- parasites exert immunosuppressive, antigenic and mitogenic effects on T cells.
Links to best Parasites web sites: