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Life is?? #112 Dixie History Part 1 of (Many)
** Thomas Jefferson worked to stop the importation of Slaves into the USA. Congress during the Jefferson administration prohibited the importation of slaves, effective in 1808, but illegal smuggling took place.[3] Domestic slave trading, however, continued at a rapid pace, driven by labor demands from the development of cotton plantations in the Deep South **
Date: 8/17/2017 8:50:12 PM ( 7 y ) ... viewed 1162 times The history of Dixie - should not be more than what it was - not the present race baited - Liberal socially adjusted activities of recent years, try to project or pretend it should be...
History is whatever happened - Social agendas are the wants and wishes of humans, who want their personal political desires and/or social ways. Usually based upon getting power over others and/or getting rich and - special controlling positions.
People tend to wants things, which in itself is not the problem. It is what type things they want; which causes the difficulty in most cases.
As a student of history and a native of Dixie; I have an excellent understanding of history! Which is much more knowledge than all those who seek change the history of Dixie!
We can not do total justice to the entire history of Dixie; rather we will have a brief truthful over view!
1) The term " Dixie " was derived from New Orleans, when the river boats cams down and were paid with the $10 (Dix - French for 10) notes.
Thus Dixie!
2) Originally Negro Slavery did not exist in North America; until 1655.
According to colonial records, the first black slave owner in the United States was a black man.
Prior to 1655 there were no legal slaves in the colonies, only indentured servants. All masters were required to free their servants after their time was up. Seven years was the limit that an indentured servant could be held. Upon their release they were granted 50 acres of land.
This included any Negro purchased from slave traders. Negroes were also granted 50 acres upon their release.
** Anthony Johnson was a Negro from modern-day Angola. He was brought to the US as a farm worker on a tobacco farm in 1619. In 1622 he was almost killed when Powhatan Indians attacked the farm. 52 out of 57 people on the farm perished in the attack. He married a female black servant while working on the farm.
When Anthony had finished his indenture and released he was legally recognized as a “free Negro” and ran a successful farm. In 1651 he held 250 acres and five black indentured servants.
In 1654, it was time for Anthony to release John Casor, a black indentured servant. Instead Anthony told Casor he was extending his time.
Casor left and became employed by the free white man Robert Parker.
Anthony Johnson sued Robert Parker in the Northampton Court in 1654.
In 1655, the court ruled that Anthony Johnson could hold John Casor indefinitely. The court gave judicial sanction for blacks to own slaves of their own race. Thus Casor became the first permanent black slave and Johnson the first black slave owner.
** Fact {Blacks were the first to own other negro slaves}
By 1699, the number of free blacks prompted some fear of a “Negro insurrection.”
Virginia Colonial ordered the repatriation of freed blacks back to Africa. But Many blacks sold themselves to white masters so they would not have to go to Africa. Because they loved America over the poverty and wars in Africa.
This was the first effort to gently repatriate free blacks back to Africa. The modern nations of Sierra Leone and Liberia both originated as colonies of repatriated former black slaves.
** Some years back; I worked with a Black man from Liberia and learned about how the Americanized Blacks became the masters and enslaved the local native Blacks once there in the 1800's!
So the system of domination and control is not limited the whites only. In fact most all of the world's population have enslaved others from time to time. This has been happening through history!
{In fact the word Slave comes from the Viking enslaving the " Slavic " people of central Europe in the 800's - not blacks.}
Whites still could not legally hold any black servant as an indefinite slave until 1670. In that year, the colonial assembly passed legislation permitting free whites, blacks, and Indians the right to own blacks as slaves.
** {Notice White, Free Blacks and Indians could and did own black slaves!}
However, black slave owners continued to thrive in the United States.
By 1830 there were 3,775 black families living in the South who owned black slaves.
By 1860 there were about 3,000 slaves owned by black households in the city of New Orleans alone.
Sources:
John Casor
Anthony Johnson
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3) Actual use and treatment of Black Slaves - majority were field hands and performed farm labor; usually this was only during the Spring and Fall when most of the crops were planted and or harvested.
There were also building projects and labor parties utilized for construction! Generally done along with whites on construction!
A certain number Blacks were house servants and were taught to read and write, often teaching children. These Blacks often became part of the general household on large farms and plantations. They were often treated like part of the owner's family.
4) Many became free persons and then worked on their own farms or even in shops in cities, like Atlanta, New Orleans, Nashville, Richmond, Charleston - to name a few.
They ran business and commercial projects.
5) Many free Blacks served in the Military during wars.
In fact a distant relation
Gen John Coffee, commanded a regiment of both Free Blacks and Indians during the Battle of New Orleans under General Andrew Jackson 1814.
** {Notice free Blacks}
6) Many Blacks owned other Blacks up until the Civil War, I have a book on the " Black Slave Owners in South Carolina."
Most of the Black slaves numbered less than ten on most farms or plantations Only about 5% of the total Black Slave owners had large numbers on plantations!
** {Which is not how modern history depicts the mid 1800's in Dixie! Most say the were hundreds of slaves on many large plantations}
7) Black slave relations were generally very cordial and often - mainly because often they attended often the same Christian churches and besides a friendly relationship proved to be much better!
** {Uncle Tom's Cabin was not the normal scenario!}
8) The origins of slavery in the colonial United States (1600–1776) are complex and there are several theories that have been proposed to explain the trade.
It was largely tied to European colonies' need for labor, especially plantation agricultural labor in their Caribbean sugar colonies operated by Great Britain, France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic.
Most slaves who were brought or kidnapped to the Thirteen British colonies which later became the Eastern seaboard of the United States were imported from the Caribbean, not directly from Africa.
They arrived in the Caribbean predominantly as a result of the Atlantic slave trade. Indigenous people were also enslaved in the North American colonies, but on a much smaller scale. Slave status for Africans usually became hereditary.[2][3]
** From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
9) The first 19 or so Africans to reach the English colonies arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619, brought by Dutch traders who had seized them from a captured Spanish slave ship. The Spanish usually baptized slaves in Africa before embarking them.
As English custom then considered baptized Christians exempt from slavery, colonists treated these Africans as indentured servants, and they joined about 1,000 English indentured servants already in the colony.
The Africans were freed after a prescribed period and given the use of land and supplies by their former masters. The historian Ira Berlin noted that what he called the "charter generation" in the colonies was sometimes made up of mixed-race men
(Atlantic Creoles) who were indentured servants, and whose ancestry was African and Iberian. They were descendants of African women and Portuguese or Spanish men who worked in African ports as traders or facilitators in the slave trade.
For example, Anthony Johnson arrived in Virginia in 1621 from Angola as an indentured servant; he became free and a property owner, eventually buying and owning slaves himself. The transformation of the social status of Africans, from indentured servitude to slaves in a racial caste which they could not leave or escape, happened gradually.
There were no laws regarding slavery early in Virginia's history. But, in 1640, a Virginia court sentenced John Punch, an African, to slavery after he attempted to flee his service.[9] The two whites with whom he fled were sentenced only to an additional year of their indenture, and three years' service to the colony.[10]
This marked the first legal sanctioning of slavery in the English colonies and was one of the first legal distinctions made between Europeans and Africans.[9][11]
Slaves processing tobacco in 17th-century Virginia
Enslaved people imported to those regions that are part of the present-day United States[12] Date Numbers
1620–1650 824
1651–1675 0
1676–1700 3,327
1701–1725 3,277
1726–1750 34,004
1751–1775 84,580
1776–1800 67,443
1801–1825 109,545
1826–1850 1,850
1851–1866 476
Total 305,326
In 1641, Massachusetts became the first colony to authorize slavery through enacted law.[13] Massachusetts passed the Body of Liberties, which prohibited slavery in many instances, but did allow for three legal bases of slavery.[13]
Slaves could be held if they were captives of war, if they sold themselves into slavery or were purchased from elsewhere, or if they were sentenced to slavery as punishment by the governing authority.[13]
The Body of Liberties used the word "strangers" to refer to people bought and sold as slaves; they were generally not English subjects. Colonists came to equate this term with Native Americans and Africans.[14]
**{Both Africans and Native Indians were classified as slaves.}
10) In 1654, John Casor, a black indentured servant in colonial Virginia, was the first man to be declared a slave in a civil case. He had claimed to an officer that his master, Anthony Johnson, himself a free black, had held him past his indenture term.
A neighbor, Robert Parker told Johnson that if he did not release Casor, Parker would testify in court to this fact. Under local laws, Johnson was at risk for losing some of his head-right lands for violating the terms of indenture.
Under duress, Johnson freed Casor. Casor entered into a seven years' indenture with Parker. Feeling cheated, Johnson sued Parker to repossess Casor.
A Northampton County, Virginia court ruled for Johnson, declaring that Parker illegally was detaining Casor from his rightful master who legally held him "for the duration of his life".[15]
During the colonial period, the status of slaves was affected by interpretations related to the status of foreigners in England.
England had no system of naturalizing immigrants to its island or its colonies.
Since persons of African origins were not English subjects by birth, they were among those peoples considered foreigners and generally outside English common law.
The colonies struggled with how to classify people born to foreigners and subjects. In 1656 Virginia, Elizabeth Key Grinstead, a mixed-race woman, successfully gained her freedom and that of her son in a challenge to her status by making her case as the baptized Christian daughter of the free Englishman Thomas Key.
Her attorney was an English subject, which may have helped her case. (He was also the father of her mixed-race son, and the couple married after Key was freed.)[16
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Some Blacks were repatriated back to Africa up until the Civil War. This created some major political and internal slave problems back in Africa once the Americanized Blacks were back in Africa.
** More in the next part!
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