Ever since the Hulda Clark Zapper was introduced, there has been an ongoing discussion about what electrodes to use.

A lot of sellers provide wrist straps with their zappers without telling you that even the best of these are very ineffective because they provide only about 1 square inch of effective contact area at the most.

On the other hand, pun intended, the copper paddles can provide 7 to 10 square inches of contact area that can produce up to 3 or even 4 times the current without causing skin burns.

The problem with using either wrist straps on the arms or paddles in the hands is that the signal is basically distributed from one arm, across the top of the chest, and down the other arm. It also weakens as it nears the ground or negative electrode.

See: http://paradevices.com/ParaZapper_output.html

The way to improve this is to apply a positive signal to each leg at the same time so that you have three positive electrodes and only one ground or negative electrode.

See: http://paradevices.com/Zapper_body_voltage.html

Using the 3 point positive electrode setup can increase the signal so that it provides coverage to most of the body, especially to the important internal organs.

See: http://paradevices.com/footpad_zapping.html

See: http://paradevices.com/parazapper_faq.html

Some sellers, however, are providing stainless steel electrodes rather than copper. Having studied biomedical engineering, I see this as a mistake.

Stainless steel has by definition nickel and chromium added to it to reduce corrosion. Some stainless also contains cobalt. These alloyed metals are good for keeping the metal shiny but can be disastrous for the human body because they are electro-motile. All three of these metals are pulled from the stainless by electricity, are considered toxic, and are hard to remove from the body. They cause tissue irritation, cancer, and other problems. Copper also has associated problems when present in excess, however, the two important things about this are that copper is far less toxic and copper is easier to remove through chelation.

The best way to keep any metals off of the skin is to use white paper towels that are very wet and throw them away at the end of each session. Salt water with some Epsom Salt and a little bicarbonate helps increase conductivity.