Autism is a common developmental disorder that impairs the acquisition of social skills and communication in children. The underlying causes of autism are unclear, but are likely to involve diverse and complex genetic factors. Morrow et al. (p. 218, cover; see the Perspective by Sutcliffe) have now used homozygosity mapping to identify genetic loci that correlate with susceptibility to autism. Results from a population enriched in consanguineous marriages highlighted the importance of autosomal recessive genes. The findings suggest that defects in activity-regulated gene expression may link many seemingly diverse autism mutations.
Science 11 July 2008: |
To find inherited causes of autism-spectrum disorders, we studied families in which parents share ancestors, enhancing the role of inherited factors. We mapped several loci, some containing large, inherited, homozygous deletions that are likely mutations. The largest deletions implicated genes, including PCDH10 (protocadherin 10) and DIA1 (deleted in autism1, or c3orf58), whose level of expression changes in response to neuronal activity, a marker of genes involved in synaptic changes that underlie learning. A subset of genes, including NHE9 (Na+/H+ exchanger 9), showed additional potential mutations in patients with unrelated parents. Our findings highlight the utility of "homozygosity mapping" in heterogeneous disorders like autism but also suggest that defective regulation of gene expression after neural activity may be a mechanism common to seemingly diverse autism mutations.
1 Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
2 Department of Neurology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
3 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
4 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
5 Autism Consortium, 10 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
6 F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, and Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
7 Department of Child Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
8 Department of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
9 Clinical Neurosciences and Pediatrics, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
10 Department of Neurology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
11 Kuwait Center for Autism, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
12 Developmental Medicine Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
13 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
14 Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180–3590, USA.
Genes are not, are you trying to say that there is no link between autism and mercury? Or that vaccines are safe? Kind of flies in the face of the damage awards being given to autistic children from the vaccine fund, doesn't it?
Say, have we seen you before? The cut and paste seems familiar. Here is one for you:
Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons Volume 11 Number 1 Spring 2006
Early Downward Trends in Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Removal of Thimerosal-Containing VaccinesDavid A. Geier, B.A.
Mark R. Geier, M.D., Ph.D.
ABSTRACT
Contemporaneously with the epidemic rise in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), first observed in the United States during the 1990s, the childhood immunization schedule was expanded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to include several additional thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs). On July 7, 1999, a joint recommendation was made by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) to remove thimerosal from vaccines. A two-phase study was undertaken to evaluate trends in diagnosis of new NDs entered into the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and the California Department of Developmental Services (CDDS) databases on a reporting quarter basis, from 1994 through 2005. Significant increasing trends in newly diagnosed NDs were observed in both databases 1994 through mid-2002. Significant decreasing trends in newly diagnosed NDs were observed in both databases from mid-2002 through 2005. The results indicate that the trends in newly diagnosed NDs correspond directly to the expansion and subsequent contraction of the cumulative mercury dose to which children were exposed from TCVs through the U.S. immunization schedule.
You can view the entire report at http://www.jpands.org/vol11no1/geier.pdf complete with 54 references..
DQ
Congratulations on your new birth and first post.
Sites such as http://www.nih.gov are largely controlled by mainstream medicine/Big Pharma and have been found to be biased and unreliable. The government itself has admitted a link between mercury and autism based on incidence of autism near mercury emitting plants and has also as much as admitted a link in their decision to award damages in the girl who had autism.
I am not arguing that there is no genetic link - obviously there is also a genetic link, but that genetic link appears to be a very common one, perhaps as common as 1 in 50 to 1 in 150, and mercury clearly is a causal agent in the presence of that link. Therefore, in at least 1 in 50 to 1 in 150 children, mercury could cause autism. Mercury and other toxins may even play a role in the development of the genetic link.
DQ
The fashion of this world passeth away.
1 Corinthians, 7. 31
Apt quote