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BROMIDES~ What is bromide dominance?
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BROMIDE DOMINANCE THEORY by Sally at www.breastcancerchoices.org by wombat 17 year
Iodine is just the solution. The real problem is long-term bromide poisoning and nobody is paying attention!
From:
http://breastcancerchoices.org/bromidedominancetheory.html
Paracelsus (1493 - 1541), referred to as "the father" of toxicology, is
credited with the concept, "The dose makes the poison."
The Bromide Dominance Theory
A bromide dominance condition may develop when bromide, acquired
through environmental, occupational, iatrogenic or dietary exposure, causes
bromide levels in the body to rise high enough to inhibit Iodine enzyme
metabolism.
Iodine supplementation alters the competitive bromide-iodine relationship
causing bromide excretion. Thus, bromide dominance is diminished and
proper Iodine enzyme metabolism may be restored.
--- In the toxic 21st Century, the question must be raised, would we even have
such a severe Iodine deficiency without bromide dominance?
Where Does Bromide Dominance Come From?
Bromide is an insidious, additive used in many common products, and as a
pesticide. Because of the sheer amount of bromide-supplemented products,
exposure to this man-made additive has caused a depletion of iodine in human
populations. Studies in lab animals provide alarming evidence that even small
amounts of bromide exposure can be toxic. (1)
What products contain bromide?
Currently, bromide is found in pesticides (methyl bromide), some bread
products (potassium bromate), brominated vegetable oil that may be added to
citrus-flavored drinks, hot tub cleansers, certain asthma inhalers and
prescription drugs, plastic products, some personal care products, some
fabric dyes, and as a fire retardant in mattresses, carpeting, etc. (See
expanded Products' Discussion Below.)
Effects of Bromide on the Organs
Iodine depletion weakens the thyroid and other organs. (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) In
individuals where the bromide-iodine ratio is less, bromide may not be
problematic.
Thyroid
Elevated bromide levels have been implicated in every thyroid disease, from
simple hypothyroidism to auto-immune diseases to thyroid cancer.
Malenchenko found bromide levels 50 times higher in thyroid cancer than
normal thyroid tissue. (7)
Rats fed even the minimal amount of bromine expected to be encountered in
the environment underwent goiter-like changes (8), an arguable case of
bromide dominance. In the FIRE project, exposing rats to the brominated flame
retardant compound, bromocyclodecane, showed consistent effects on the
thyroid hormone axis, including decreased T4. Thyroid gland cells have
increased size and larger nuclei, indicating increased synthetic activity. (9)
With enhanced intake of bromide, fully one-third of the iodine content in the
thyroids of rats was replaced by bromide. (10)
Skin
Skin biopsied from a woman who had been on bromide-containing sedatives
for nearly four years found increased bromide in normal skin and three
times that in an affected skin lesion. (11)
An infant administered a syrup containing sodium bromide developed
vegetative lesions on the face and scalp. (12)
Technicians exposed to brominated compounds for prolonged periods
developed multiple cherry angiomas on the trunk and extremities. (12)
Mental
The psychiatry literature abounds with cases of elevated bromide levels being
implicated in mental conditions from Depression to schizophrenia. (14)(15)(16)
As Guy Abraham, MD, asks, "How many people with misdiagnosed bromism
are currently treated with psychiatric drugs?"(17)
Hearing
Potassium bromate, a bread additive, is known to cause renal damage and
permanent deafness in animals and man. (18) In the FIRE project, the most
relevant effect on exposing rats to 28 days to the brominated flame
retardant compound, tetrabromobisphenol-A, was hearing. Specifically, the
lower frequency range was affected . (19)
Kidneys
The ability of bromate to cause cancer, especially kidney cancer, is a
significant health concern. (20) The gene expression in kidneys in rats given
a high dose 100-week potassium bromate in their drinking water showed
marked gene expression difference from the lower non-cancer dose. The
high dose kidney gene expression resembled an adenoma-like expression
pattern. (21)
BROMIDE IN PRODUCTS
.
BREAD
Potassium bromate as an additive to most commercial bread and baked
goods probably provides the most egregious contribution to bromide overload
in Western cultures.
Bromated flour is product "enriched" with potassium bromate. Some
commercial bakers claim they use bromated flour because it yields
dependable results, and it makes more elastic dough which can stand up to
bread hooks and other commercial baking tools. (22) However, Pepperidge
Farm manages to use only unbromated flour with excellent results.
NOTE ON BANNING POTASSIUM BROMATE IN BREAD:
UK banned bromate in bread in 1990.
1994Canada banned bromate in bread in 1994. (23)
Proposal P230 in Australia: Food Regulation Ministerial Council (FSANZ) still
has not finalized its July 2007 proposal to mandate iodized salt in breads,
breakfast cereals and biscuits.
Back in 1999, the Center for Science in the Public Interest petitioned the FDA
to prohibit the use of potassium bromate, charging that the FDA has known
for years that bromate causes cancer in lab animals, but has failed to ban it.
(24) As of September 2007, the US FDA responded to Breast Cancer Choices
inquir with the statement, " Potassium Bromate is still listed as a safe
additive."
WATER
When drinking water containing bromide is exposed to ozone, bromate ion, a
powerful oxidizing agent, is formed. Two significant recalls of drinking water
involving bromate have occurred: Wegmann's Food You Feel Good About
Spring Water Recall in 2006, and Coca-Cola's Dasani in 2004. (25)
TOOTHPASTE, MOUTHWASH AND GARGLES
Potassium bromate is an antiseptic and astringent in toothpaste, mouth and
gargles. Very toxic if taken internally. May cause bleeding and inflammation
of gums in toothpaste. (26)
BROMIDE IN FLAME RETARDANTS
Flame retardants reduce the flammability of a wide variety of commercial
and household products. Some brominated home retardants migrate from
the products in which they are used and are entering the environment and
people. (27)
PERSONAL PRODUCTS AND SOME COSMETICS
Sodium bromate in Products: Permanent Waves, Hair Dyes, Textile Dyes
Sodium bromate is in permanent wave neutralizers, hair dye material, and
the textile dyeing process. (28) Benzalkonium is used as a preservative in
some cosmetics. (29)
References:
Breast Cancer Choices is indebted to the pioneering bromide research of Guy E.
Abraham, MD, as well as the clinical and intellectual contributions of David
Brownstein, MD, and Jorge Flechas, MD.
(1) Vobecky M et al., Interaction of Bromine with Iodine in the Rat Thyroid Gland at Enhanced
Bromide Intake, Biol Trace Elem Res 1996.
(2) Velicky J et al., The Effect of Bromide on the Ultrastructure of Rat Thyrocytes, Ann Anat 2004.
(3) Pavelka S et al., Bromide Kinetics and Distribution in the Rat. II Distribution of Bromide in the
Body, Biol Trace Res 2000.
(4) Velicky J et al., Long Term Action of Potassium Bromide on the Rat Thyroid Gland, Acta
Histochem 1998.
(5) Velicky J et al., Potassium Bromide and the Thyroid Gland of the Rat: Morphology and
Immunochemistry 1997.
(6) Vobecky M et al., Interaction of Bromine with Iodine in the Rat Thyroid Gland at Enhanced
Bromide Intake, Biol Trace Elem Res 1996.
(7) Malenchenko AF et al., The Content and Distribution of Iodine, Chlorine and Bromide in the
Normal and Pathologically Changed Thyroid Tissue, Med Radiol 1984.
(8). Velicky J et al., Potassium Bromide and the Thyroid Gland of the Rat: Morphology and
Immunochemistry, RIA and INAA Analysis, Ann Anat 1997.
(9)
http://www.credocluster.info
Issue 6, July 2006
(10) Vobecky M et al., Interaction of Bromine with Iodine in the Rat Thyroid Gland at Enhanced
Bromide Intake, Biol Trace Elem Res 1996.
(11) Hubner K et al., Skin Bromide Content and Bromide Excretion in Bromoderma Tuberosum, Arch
Derm Res 1976.
(12) Bel S et al., Vegetant Bromoderma in an Infant, Pediatric Dermatology 2001.
(13) Cohen A et al., Cherry Angiomas Associated with Exposure to Bromides, Dermatology 2001.
(14) Horowitz BZ et al., Bromism from Excessive Cola Consumption, Clinical Toxicology 1997.
(15) Levin M., Transitory Schizophrenia Produced by Bromide Intoxication, Am J Psychiatry 1946.
(16)
http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/library/randrep/pb_paper/mr1018.2chap10.html.
(17) Abraham G., The Combined Measurement of the Four Stable Halides by the Ion-Selective
Electrode Procedure Following Their Chromatographic Separation on a Strong Anion Exchange
Resin: Clinical Application, The Original Internist 2006.
(18) Morizono T et al., The Effects of Cetrimide and Potassium Bromate on the Potassium Ion
Concentration in the Inner Ear Fluid of the Guinea Pig, Physiol Bohemoslov 1988.
(19)
http://www.credocluster.info,
Issue 6 2006.
(20)
http://www.rtctoc.com/bromate.htm.
(21) Geter D et al., Kidney Toxicogenomics of Chronic Potassium Bromate Exposure in F334 Male
Rats, EIMS Meta Data Report 2006.
(22)
http://www.wisegeek.com.
(23)
http://www.rtctox.com/bromate.htm.
(24).
http://www.cspinet.org/new/bromide.htm.
(25)
http://www.rtctox.com/bromate.htm.
(26)
http://www.healthy-communications.com/hazards_of_cosmetics_by_carol_barzac95.html.
(27)
http://www.credocluster.info,
Issue 6 2006.
(28)
http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11292709/sodium_bromate_99_5.html.
(29)
http://www.gina.antczak.btinternet.co.uk/CU/CUHOME.htm.
The statements above have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. The
supplements discussed are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Do not
take iodine without the supervision of an Iodine-Literate Doctor who is qualified to interpret lab
work in the context of supplementation. This website is intended as information only. The editors of
this site are not medically-trained. Please consult your licensed health care practitioner before
implementing any health strategy. The information provided on this site is designed to support, not
replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her existing physician.
This site accepts no advertising. The contents of this site are copyrighted 2006, 2007 by Breast
Cancer Choices, Inc. Contact us for reprint permission.
Web Page updated September 22, 2007
Viewed 36832 times
All wombat's Answers
Iodine is just the solution. The real problem is long-term bromide poisoning and nobody is paying attention!
From:
http://breastcancerchoices.org/bromidedominancetheory.html
Paracelsus (1493 - 1541), referred to as "the father" of toxicology, is
credited with the concept, "The dose makes the poison."
The Bromide Dominance Theory
A bromide dominance condition may develop when bromide, acquired
through environmental, occupational, iatrogenic or dietary exposure, causes
bromide levels in the body to rise high enough to inhibit Iodine enzyme
metabolism.
Iodine supplementation alters the competitive bromide-iodine relationship
causing bromide excretion. Thus, bromide dominance is diminished and
proper Iodine enzyme metabolism may be restored.
--- In the toxic 21st Century, the question must be raised, would we even have
such a severe Iodine deficiency without bromide dominance?
Where Does Bromide Dominance Come From?
Bromide is an insidious, additive used in many common products, and as a
pesticide. Because of the sheer amount of bromide-supplemented products,
exposure to this man-made additive has caused a depletion of iodine in human
populations. Studies in lab animals provide alarming evidence that even small
amounts of bromide exposure can be toxic. (1)
What products contain bromide?
Currently, bromide is found in pesticides (methyl bromide), some bread
products (potassium bromate), brominated vegetable oil that may be added to
citrus-flavored drinks, hot tub cleansers, certain asthma inhalers and
prescription drugs, plastic products, some personal care products, some
fabric dyes, and as a fire retardant in mattresses, carpeting, etc. (See
expanded Products' Discussion Below.)
Effects of Bromide on the Organs
Iodine depletion weakens the thyroid and other organs. (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) In
individuals where the bromide-iodine ratio is less, bromide may not be
problematic.
Thyroid
Elevated bromide levels have been implicated in every thyroid disease, from
simple hypothyroidism to auto-immune diseases to thyroid cancer.
Malenchenko found bromide levels 50 times higher in thyroid cancer than
normal thyroid tissue. (7)
Rats fed even the minimal amount of bromine expected to be encountered in
the environment underwent goiter-like changes (8), an arguable case of
bromide dominance. In the FIRE project, exposing rats to the brominated flame
retardant compound, bromocyclodecane, showed consistent effects on the
thyroid hormone axis, including decreased T4. Thyroid gland cells have
increased size and larger nuclei, indicating increased synthetic activity. (9)
With enhanced intake of bromide, fully one-third of the iodine content in the
thyroids of rats was replaced by bromide. (10)
Skin
Skin biopsied from a woman who had been on bromide-containing sedatives
for nearly four years found increased bromide in normal skin and three
times that in an affected skin lesion. (11)
An infant administered a syrup containing sodium bromide developed
vegetative lesions on the face and scalp. (12)
Technicians exposed to brominated compounds for prolonged periods
developed multiple cherry angiomas on the trunk and extremities. (12)
Mental
The psychiatry literature abounds with cases of elevated bromide levels being
implicated in mental conditions from Depression to schizophrenia. (14)(15)(16)
As Guy Abraham, MD, asks, "How many people with misdiagnosed bromism
are currently treated with psychiatric drugs?"(17)
Hearing
Potassium bromate, a bread additive, is known to cause renal damage and
permanent deafness in animals and man. (18) In the FIRE project, the most
relevant effect on exposing rats to 28 days to the brominated flame
retardant compound, tetrabromobisphenol-A, was hearing. Specifically, the
lower frequency range was affected . (19)
Kidneys
The ability of bromate to cause cancer, especially kidney cancer, is a
significant health concern. (20) The gene expression in kidneys in rats given
a high dose 100-week potassium bromate in their drinking water showed
marked gene expression difference from the lower non-cancer dose. The
high dose kidney gene expression resembled an adenoma-like expression
pattern. (21)
BROMIDE IN PRODUCTS
.
BREAD
Potassium bromate as an additive to most commercial bread and baked
goods probably provides the most egregious contribution to bromide overload
in Western cultures.
Bromated flour is product "enriched" with potassium bromate. Some
commercial bakers claim they use bromated flour because it yields
dependable results, and it makes more elastic dough which can stand up to
bread hooks and other commercial baking tools. (22) However, Pepperidge
Farm manages to use only unbromated flour with excellent results.
NOTE ON BANNING POTASSIUM BROMATE IN BREAD:
UK banned bromate in bread in 1990.
1994Canada banned bromate in bread in 1994. (23)
Proposal P230 in Australia: Food Regulation Ministerial Council (FSANZ) still
has not finalized its July 2007 proposal to mandate iodized salt in breads,
breakfast cereals and biscuits.
Back in 1999, the Center for Science in the Public Interest petitioned the FDA
to prohibit the use of potassium bromate, charging that the FDA has known
for years that bromate causes cancer in lab animals, but has failed to ban it.
(24) As of September 2007, the US FDA responded to Breast Cancer Choices
inquir with the statement, " Potassium Bromate is still listed as a safe
additive."
WATER
When drinking water containing bromide is exposed to ozone, bromate ion, a
powerful oxidizing agent, is formed. Two significant recalls of drinking water
involving bromate have occurred: Wegmann's Food You Feel Good About
Spring Water Recall in 2006, and Coca-Cola's Dasani in 2004. (25)
TOOTHPASTE, MOUTHWASH AND GARGLES
Potassium bromate is an antiseptic and astringent in toothpaste, mouth and
gargles. Very toxic if taken internally. May cause bleeding and inflammation
of gums in toothpaste. (26)
BROMIDE IN FLAME RETARDANTS
Flame retardants reduce the flammability of a wide variety of commercial
and household products. Some brominated home retardants migrate from
the products in which they are used and are entering the environment and
people. (27)
PERSONAL PRODUCTS AND SOME COSMETICS
Sodium bromate in Products: Permanent Waves, Hair Dyes, Textile Dyes
Sodium bromate is in permanent wave neutralizers, hair dye material, and
the textile dyeing process. (28) Benzalkonium is used as a preservative in
some cosmetics. (29)
References:
Breast Cancer Choices is indebted to the pioneering bromide research of Guy E.
Abraham, MD, as well as the clinical and intellectual contributions of David
Brownstein, MD, and Jorge Flechas, MD.
(1) Vobecky M et al., Interaction of Bromine with Iodine in the Rat Thyroid Gland at Enhanced
Bromide Intake, Biol Trace Elem Res 1996.
(2) Velicky J et al., The Effect of Bromide on the Ultrastructure of Rat Thyrocytes, Ann Anat 2004.
(3) Pavelka S et al., Bromide Kinetics and Distribution in the Rat. II Distribution of Bromide in the
Body, Biol Trace Res 2000.
(4) Velicky J et al., Long Term Action of Potassium Bromide on the Rat Thyroid Gland, Acta
Histochem 1998.
(5) Velicky J et al., Potassium Bromide and the Thyroid Gland of the Rat: Morphology and
Immunochemistry 1997.
(6) Vobecky M et al., Interaction of Bromine with Iodine in the Rat Thyroid Gland at Enhanced
Bromide Intake, Biol Trace Elem Res 1996.
(7) Malenchenko AF et al., The Content and Distribution of Iodine, Chlorine and Bromide in the
Normal and Pathologically Changed Thyroid Tissue, Med Radiol 1984.
(8). Velicky J et al., Potassium Bromide and the Thyroid Gland of the Rat: Morphology and
Immunochemistry, RIA and INAA Analysis, Ann Anat 1997.
(9)
http://www.credocluster.info
Issue 6, July 2006
(10) Vobecky M et al., Interaction of Bromine with Iodine in the Rat Thyroid Gland at Enhanced
Bromide Intake, Biol Trace Elem Res 1996.
(11) Hubner K et al., Skin Bromide Content and Bromide Excretion in Bromoderma Tuberosum, Arch
Derm Res 1976.
(12) Bel S et al., Vegetant Bromoderma in an Infant, Pediatric Dermatology 2001.
(13) Cohen A et al., Cherry Angiomas Associated with Exposure to Bromides, Dermatology 2001.
(14) Horowitz BZ et al., Bromism from Excessive Cola Consumption, Clinical Toxicology 1997.
(15) Levin M., Transitory Schizophrenia Produced by Bromide Intoxication, Am J Psychiatry 1946.
(16)
http://www.gulflink.osd.mil/library/randrep/pb_paper/mr1018.2chap10.html.
(17) Abraham G., The Combined Measurement of the Four Stable Halides by the Ion-Selective
Electrode Procedure Following Their Chromatographic Separation on a Strong Anion Exchange
Resin: Clinical Application, The Original Internist 2006.
(18) Morizono T et al., The Effects of Cetrimide and Potassium Bromate on the Potassium Ion
Concentration in the Inner Ear Fluid of the Guinea Pig, Physiol Bohemoslov 1988.
(19)
http://www.credocluster.info,
Issue 6 2006.
(20)
http://www.rtctoc.com/bromate.htm.
(21) Geter D et al., Kidney Toxicogenomics of Chronic Potassium Bromate Exposure in F334 Male
Rats, EIMS Meta Data Report 2006.
(22)
http://www.wisegeek.com.
(23)
http://www.rtctox.com/bromate.htm.
(24).
http://www.cspinet.org/new/bromide.htm.
(25)
http://www.rtctox.com/bromate.htm.
(26)
http://www.healthy-communications.com/hazards_of_cosmetics_by_carol_barzac95.html.
(27)
http://www.credocluster.info,
Issue 6 2006.
(28)
http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11292709/sodium_bromate_99_5.html.
(29)
http://www.gina.antczak.btinternet.co.uk/CU/CUHOME.htm.
The statements above have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration. The
supplements discussed are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Do not
take iodine without the supervision of an Iodine-Literate Doctor who is qualified to interpret lab
work in the context of supplementation. This website is intended as information only. The editors of
this site are not medically-trained. Please consult your licensed health care practitioner before
implementing any health strategy. The information provided on this site is designed to support, not
replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her existing physician.
This site accepts no advertising. The contents of this site are copyrighted 2006, 2007 by Breast
Cancer Choices, Inc. Contact us for reprint permission.
Web Page updated September 22, 2007
Viewed 36832 times
All wombat's Answers