Can J Comp Med. 1985 Apr;49(2):149-51.
Comparison of tissue reactions produced by Haemophilus
pleuropneumoniae vaccines made with six different adjuvants in swine.
Straw BE, MacLachlan NJ, Corbett WT, Carter PB, Schey HM.
Tissue damage caused by six different adjuvants incorporated
in a Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae vaccine was compared in swine. The
adjuvants compared were four mineral oil compounds,
one peanut oil
compound and aluminum hydroxide. Inoculations were given in the neck,
quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles. The mineral oil adjuvants were highly
irritant and caused extensive areas of granulomatous inflammation that were
present at eight weeks after injection. The aluminum hydroxide produced
smaller lesions that also persisted for eight weeks. Only the
peanut oil
adjuvant did not produce significant lesions at the site of injection.
At two and four weeks, but not at eight weeks postinoculation, lesions in
the quadriceps and semitendinosus muscles were approximately twice as
extensive as those in the muscles of the neck.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_
uids=4016580&dopt=Abstract
CAN
VACCINE ADJUVANTS CAUSE ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS?
Requests for information on the types of
adjuvants currently used in human vaccines have not been answered to date.
We did find that adjuvants are used to create allergic animals for
scientific study and also that peanut oil has been used as an adjuvant.
Peanut is by far the most common food to cause anaphylaxis in young
children. Is peanut oil, or a
similar protein or portion of a protein used in human vaccines as an
adjuvant or “protein coat” in the Hib vaccine? Aluminum has
also been used as an adjuvant and is known to cause allergies according to
the studies below. Could the adjuvants used in
vaccines over the last 15 years be creating anaphylactic and allergic
children?
C/o Rita Hoffman, R. R. #2,
Stirling, Ontario K0K 3E0 Canada
613-478-3236
pancakehill@sympatico.ca
November 6, 2001
Immunization Safety Review Committee,
National Academy of Sciences
Institute of Medicine FO 3009
2101 Constitution Avenue NW
Washington, D.C. 20418
Dear Dr. McCormick, Chair & Committee,
Re: Epidemic of Children with Anaphylaxis
Thank you for the opportunity to submit
the following information for your review of the possible association
between multiple immunizations in newborns and infants and immune system
dysfunction. We are writing in particular about the potentially life
threatening allergic response called anaphylaxis.
The exact numbers of children affected by
anaphylaxis are difficult to pinpoint. A study in Arch Intern Med 2001
Jan 8;161(1):15-2, Anaphylaxis in the United States: an investigation
into its epidemiology, concluded with “The occurrence of anaphylaxis in the
US is not as rare as is generally
believed. On the basis of our figures, the problem of anaphylaxis may, in
fact, affect 1.21% (1.9 million) to 15.04% (40.9 million) of the US
population.” PMID 11146694
In June of this year an article by
Associated Press Writer Jim Fitzgerald entitled Peanut Butter Wars Rage in
Schools stated “Schools that
haven’t had a dangerously allergic pupil can expect one soon.”
And “peanut allergies among schoolchildren were ‘barely on the radar’ a
decade ago, said Dr. Robert Goldman, a New York allergist and Immunologist
who specializes in pediatric cases.” “Now I’m seeing a tremendous number of
cases,” he said. “It seems like the incidence is really increasing. As to
why, I don’t think anyone in the world could tell you for sure.”
In Canada, the
Anaphylaxis Canada’s Summer 2001 newsletter states that “20% of Canadians
suffer from some form of allergy and approximately 4% of children and 2% of
adults have developed a potentially lethal allergy to food.”2
The cover story in the September 2000 issue of
Professionally Speaking, the magazine of the Ontario College
of Teachers is “An Abnormal Response to Normal Things.” The article begins
with “Teachers have to be aware that allergies can kill. A growing number
of children are at risk – and a well-prepared teacher can make all the
difference.” The article explains that “About a decade ago, the sudden
surge in highly allergic children entering school systems across the
province caught many educators off guard.”
Why the “surge” in anaphylactic children entering school a
decade ago? These children were among the first to receive an additional
vaccination, Hib meningitis. Is it possible that the Pertussis and Hib
vaccine, both shown below to cause allergic responses, are creating a
hypersensitive immune system in some children? Has any study looked into
what happens to atopy incidence and IgE levels when 5 vaccines are given
concurrently in infants?
CAN VACCINES CAUSE FOOD ALLERGIES?
JAMA 2001
Apr 4;285(13):1746-8 Detection of peanut
allergens in breast milk of lactating women states, “Most individuals who
react to peanuts do so on their first known exposure”……………..and concluded
“Peanut protein is secreted into breast milk of lactating women following
maternal dietary ingestion. Exposure to peanut protein during breastfeeding
is a route of occult exposure that may result in sensitization of at-risk
infants." PMID 11277829
Women have been ingesting peanut protein
while breastfeeding for decades. What has changed in the last 15 years to
cause infants to develop life-threatening allergies to this legume? One
change has been the vaccination schedule.
The Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999
Jul; 119(3):205-11 Pertussis adjuvant prolongs intestinal hypersensitivity
concludes: Our
findings indicate nanogram quantities of PT (pertussis toxin), when
administered with a food protein, result in long-term senitization to the
antigen, and altered intestinal neuroimmune function.
These data suggest that exposure to bacterial pathogens may prolong the
normally transient immune responsiveness to inert food antigens. PMID
10436392
Does this study explain why babies and
toddlers react on their first exposure to the peanuts or other antigens?
The babies may have been sensitized by the vaccines to the proteins through
breast milk or formula ingested at the time of vaccination. This would also
explain why children are anaphylactic to a variety of proteins, such as
different tree nuts, peanuts, egg, legumes, milk, seeds, etc., depending on
what proteins the mother ate at the time of vaccination.
IS THE INTRODUCTION OF THE HIB
VACCINE CONNECTED TO THE INCREASE IN FOOD ANAPHYLAXIS IN CHILDREN?
Rates
of anaphylaxis have increased dramatically since the introduction of the Hib
vaccine.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
1979 Mar-Apr;6(2):139-49
Comparison of vaccination of mice and rats with Haemophilus influenzae and
Bordetella pertussis as models of atopy, states “The
Haemophilus influenzae vaccinated experimental animal provides a model that
is possibly more related to human atopy than the Bordetella pertussis
vaccinated animal.”
PMID 311260
Ann Allergy
1979 Jan;42(1):36-40 states “To
determine whether Haemophilus influenzae could be a factor in human atopy
its effects were studied on the (para-)Sympathic Cyclic
nucleotide-histamine axis in rats. Haemophilus influenzae vaccination
induced changes in the cholinergic system compatible with higher cyclic GMP
levels and enhanced histamine release. The authors suggest an involvement
of the cholinergic system in Haemophilus influenzae vaccination effects.
PMID 216288
Agents Actions
1984 Oct;15(3-4):211-5 entitled Bronchial
hyperreactivity to histamine induced by Haemophilus influenzae vaccination
states “……This suggests a
hyperreactivity of the parasympathethic, cholinergic pathways as a
result of H.influenzae vaccination.” PMID 6335351
Eur J. Pharmacol
1980 Apr 4;62(4):261-8 entitled The
effects of Haemophilus influenzae vaccination on
anaphylactic mediator release and isoprenaline-induced inhibition of
mediator release states “These results indicate an
increased sensitivity to
antigenic challenge and suggest that the functioning of
beta-adrenoceptors was decreased as a result of H. Influenzae vaccination.”
PMID 6154589
DOES THE PERTUSSIS VACCINE CAUSE ASTHMA,
ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS?
Pediatrics
1988 Jun (81) Supplement - Report on the Task Force on Pertussis and
Pertussis Immunization – extract states,
For more than 25 years, it has been
known that pertussis vaccine is a reliable adjuvant for the production of
experimental allergic encephalitis.4
Pediatr Res 1987 Sep;22(3):262-7 Murine responses to
immunization with pertussis toxin and bovine serum albumin: I.
Mortality observed after bovine
albumin challenge
is due to an anaphylactic reaction……….the results
of our experiments have established that the disease induced by coimmunizing
mice with Ptx and BSA is due to an immediate type hypersensitivity…………PMID
3309858
Infect Immun 1987 Apr.;55(4):1004-8
Anaphylaxis or so-called encephalopathy in mice
sensitized to an antigen with the aid of pertussigen (pertussis toxin),
states, Sensitization of mice with 1mg of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or
chicken egg albumin (EA) ………….induced
a high degree of anaphylactic sensitivity when the mice were
challenged i.v. with 1 mg of antigen 14 days later. PMID 3557617
CAN
VACCINE ADJUVANTS CAUSE ALLERGIES AND ANAPHYLAXIS?
Requests for information on the types of
adjuvants currently used in human vaccines have not been answered to date.
We did find that adjuvants are used to create allergic animals for
scientific study and also that peanut oil has been used as an adjuvant.
Peanut is by far the most common food to cause anaphylaxis in young
children. Is peanut oil, or a similar protein or portion of a protein
used in human vaccines as an adjuvant or “protein coat” in the Hib
vaccine? Aluminum has also been used as an adjuvant and is known to
cause allergies according to the studies below.
Could the adjuvants used in vaccines over the last 15 years be creating
anaphylactic and allergic children?
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001
Apr;107(4):693-702 Murine model of atopic dermatitis associated with food
hypersensitivity states, “Female
C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized orally to cow’s milk or peanut with a cholera
toxin adjuvant and then subjected to low-grade allergen
exposure………………..An eczematous eruption developed in approximately one third
of mice after low-grade exposure to milk or peanut proteins……………….This
eczematous eruption resembles AD (atopic dermatitis) in human subjects and
should provide a useful model for studying immunopathogenic mechanisms of
food hypersensivity in AD.” PMID 11295660
Allergy
1980 Jan;35(1):65-71
Antigen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis in actively sensitized
guinea pigs. Pattern of response in relation to immunization
regimen….guinea-pigs sensitized with small amounts of antigen together with
alum produced IgE and IgG1 antibodies. PMID 7369497
Allergy
1978 Jun:33(3):155-9 Aluminum phosphate but not calcium phosphate stimulates
the specific IgE response in guinea pigs to tetanus toxoid.
It is hypothesized that the regular application of aluminum
compound-containing vaccines on the entire population could be one of the
factors leading to the observed increase of allergic diseases. PMID
707792
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
1994 May;5(2):118-23 Immunoglobulin E and G responses to pertussis toxin
after booster immunization in relation to atopy, local reactions and
aluminum content of the vaccines. The role of aluminium for IgG and IgE
responses to pertussis toxin (PT), as well as for side effects, was
investigated in 49 children with known atopy status………………the addition of
aluminum to the pertussis vaccine was, thus, associated with a stronger IgG
antibody response, but tended also to induce a stronger IgE antibody
response. The correlation
between total IgE and PT-IgE, which was most prominent in children with
atopy, indicates that the role of immunization for the development of
allergy merits further studies. PMID 8087191
Adv Drug Deliv Rev
1998 Jul 6;32(3):155-172 entitled Aluminum compounds as vaccine
adjuvants stated, “Limitations of aluminum adjuvants include local
reactions, augmentation of IgE
antibody responses, ineffectiveness for some antigens and
inability to augment cell-mediated immune responses, especially cytotoxic
T-Cell responses. PMID 10837642
Annals of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Vol. 85, Number 1,
July 2000 article T-cell subsets (Th1 versus Th2) includes Figure 7 on page
15 – “Factors responsible for the imbalance of the
Th1/Th2 responses which is partly responsible for the increased prevalence
of allergy in Western countries. Risk for atopy - Th2, increased exposure
to some allergens and
Th2-biasing vaccines (alum as
adjuvant).”
ARE MULTIPLE
VACCINES CAUSING OUR IMMUNE SYSTEMS TO FAIL?
Immunology Today, March 1998,
Volume 19, p. 113-116 states, “Modern vaccinations, fear of germs
and obsession with hygiene are depriving the immune system of
information input upon which it is dependent. This fails to maintain
the correct cytokine balance and fine-tune T-cell regulation, and
may lead to
increased incidences of allergies and autoimmune diseases.”
From the journal Allergy 1999, 54, 398-399, Multiple
Vaccination effects on atopy, “An
increase in the incidence of childhood atopic diseases may be expected
as a result of concurrent vaccination strategies that induce
a Th2-biased immune response.
What should be discussed is whether the prize of a reduction of common
infectious diseases through a policy of mass vaccination from birth is worth
the price of a higher prevalence of atopy.”
Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics,
Feb. 2000; 23(2):81-90, Effects of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or tetanus
vaccination on allergies and allergy-related respiratory symptoms among
children and adolescents in the United States, “The
odds of having a history of asthma was twice as great among vaccinated
subjects than among unvaccinated subjects. The odds of having any
allergy-related respiratory symptom in the past 12 months was 63% greater
among vaccinated subjects than unvaccinated subjects.”
PMID 10714532
Thorax 1998 Nov;53(11):927-32
Early childhood infection and atopic disorder, stated “Interpretation of the
prediction of atopic disorders by immunisation with wholecell
pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral antibiotics needs to
be very cautious because of the possibilities of confounding effects and
reverse causation. However,
plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic
disorders by both factors and further investigation of these association is
warranted.”
PMID 10193389
Epidemiology
1997 Nov;8(6):678-80 Is infant
immunization a risk factor for childhood asthma or allergy? This study
followed 1,265 children born in 1977.
The 23 children who received no DPT and polio immunizations had no
recorded asthma episodes or consultations for asthma or other allergic
illness before age 10 years; in the immunized children, 23.1% had asthma
episodes, 22.5% asthma consultations, and 30% consultations for other
allergic illness. Similar differences were observed at ages 5 and 16 years.
PMID 9345669
Arerugi
2000 Jul;49(7):585-92, The Effect of DPT and BCG vaccinations on atopic
disorders findings include,
“From these results we conclude that DPT vaccination has some effect in the
promotion of atopic disorders……. PMID 10944825
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
121:1:2000, 2-9, Genetic and environmental factors contributing to the onset
of allergic disorders. “The increasing prevalence of allergy in developed
countries suggests that environmental factors acting either before or after
birth also contribute to regulate the development of Th2 cells and/or their
function. The reduction of infectious diseases in early life due to
increasing vaccinations, antimicrobial treatments as well as changed
lifestyle are certainly important in influencing the individual outcome in
the Th response to ubiquitous allergens.
In conclusion, living with
anaphylaxis is to be continually on guard for minute quantities of everyday
food or other substances that may cause death. Keeping anaphylactic
children safe involves the whole community including the child, parents,
teachers, bus drivers, caregivers, friends and family.
It is our hope that the
Committee will investigate the questions we have raised and
will recommend further investigation
into the connection between vaccines and this most distressing allergic
disease called anaphylaxis.
Your time is greatly appreciated.
Respectfully yours,
Rita Hoffman
Anaphylaxis Action
R. R. #2, Stirling, Ontario K0K 3E0 Canada
613-478-3236
pancakehill@sympatico.ca
Agents Actions. 1976 Feb;6(1-3):75-85. |
|
Adjuvant disease induced by mycobacteria, determinants of
arthritogenicity.
Audibert F, Chedid L.
Genetic, endocrine and immunological factors are probably involved in
adjuvant
polyarthritis. The nature of the vehicle and of the mycobacterial
components administered also has a major influence. It was originally
assumed that arthritogenicity and adjuvanticity of mycobacterial fractions
such as wax D were intimately related. Our previous findings showed that the
water soluble adjuvant (WSA) of M.smegmatis which could substitute for
mycobacterial cells in Freund's complete adjuvant and
induce delayed
hypersensitivity was not arthritogenic in the Wistar rat. We have
since observed that auto-immune diseases could be elicited by WSA. Therefore
experiments were repeated using the very susceptible Lewis strain. The
activity of cord factor and of various mycobacterial preparations suspended
in mineral or in peanut oil
was also evaluated in mice and in normal or hypophysectomized rats.
Our present findings confirm the absence of arthritogenicity of WSA in the
Lewis strain. They also indicate that cord factor with WSA does not suffice
to induce a
generalized adjuvant disease, but that a mycobacterial component
which could be susceptible to lysozyme treatment is required also. However,
the local inflammation of the injected limb was produced by a preparation of
cord factor administered in mineral or even in
peanut oil. This was observed in normal or hypophysectomized rats and
in Swiss mice which were not susceptible to the generalized disease.
PMID: 181972 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Distinctive Patterns of Autoimmune Response Induced by
Different Types of Mineral Oil.
Kuroda Y, Akaogi J, Nacionales DC, Wasdo SC, Szabo NJ, Reeves WH, Satoh M.
Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine,
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA.
Although mineral oils are generally considered non-toxic and have a long
history of use in humans, the mineral oil Bayol F (incomplete Freund's
adjuvant, IFA) and certain mineral oil components (squalene and
n-hexadecane) induce
lupus-related anti-nRNP/Sm or -Su autoantibodies in
non-autoimmune mice. In the present study, we investigated whether medicinal
mineral oils can induce other types of autoantibodies and whether structural
features of hydrocarbons influence autoantibody specificity. Three-month old
female BALB/c (16-45/group) mice received an i.p. injection of pristane
(C19), squalene (C30), IFA, 3 medicinal mineral oils (MO-F, MO-HT, MO-S), or
PBS. Sera were tested for autoantibodies and immunoglobulin levels.
Hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. IFA
contained mainly of C15-C25 hydrocarbons whereas MO-HT and MO-S contained
C20-C40 and MO-F contained C15-C40. Pristane and n-hexadecane were found in
IFA (0.17% and 0.10%, w/v respectively) and MOs (0.0026-0.027%). At 3
months, pristane and IFA induced mainly IgG2a, squalene IgG1, and MOs IgG3
and IgM in sera. Anti-cytoplasmic antibodies were common in mice treated
with MO-F, as well as those treated with pristane, squalene and IFA. Anti-ssDNA
and -chromatin antibodies were higher in MO-F and MO-S than in
untreated/PBS, squalene, or IFA treated mice, suggesting that there is
variability in the induction of anti-nRNP/Sm vs. -chromatin/DNA antibodies.
The preferential induction of anti-chromatin/ssDNA antibodies without anti-nRNP/Sm/Su
by MO-S and MO-F is consistent with the idea that different types of
autoantibodies are regulated differently.
Induction of autoantibodies by
mineral oils considered non-toxic also may have pathogenetic implications in
human autoimmune diseases.
J Vet Med
Sci. 1992 Aug;54(4):685-92. |
|
Pathological studies on local tissue reactions in guinea pigs and rats
caused by four different adjuvants.
Yamanaka M, Hiramatsu K, Hirahara T, Okabe T, Nakai M, Sasaki N, Goto N.
Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc., Japan.
We investigated pathological changes at the injection site in guinea pigs
and rats for 16 weeks following a single intramuscular injection of one of
the following oil adjuvant emulsions; oil adjuvant ISA-70, Freund's
incomplete adjuvant, Freund's complete adjuvant, and aluminium phosphate
gel. In the animals injected with ISA-70 emulsion prepared by manual
shaking, grossly, there was partial thickening of subcutaneous tissue,
discoloration of inter-muscular connective tissue, and swelling of the
inguinal lymph nodes at 2 and 4 weeks post injection (PI).
Histopathologically, ISA-70 injected sites revealed acute inflammatory
changes at 72 hrs PI, and peak reactions consisting of macrophage
accumulation around oil cysts and fibrosis were observed at 4 weeks PI.
These changes were less severe and of shorter duration than those in the
other three adjuvants. Guinea pigs and rats injected with materials
containing inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen similarly
showed an infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in addition to the
changes described above. ISA-70 containing NDV antigen induced similar
hemagglutination-inhibition titer to that induced by Freund's incomplete
adjuvant.
PMID: 1391179 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_
uids=1391179&dopt=Abstract
www.thewest.com.au/20040428/news/general/tw-news-general-home-sto124001.html
Thousands of flu shots thrown out
CATHY O'LEARY - MEDICAL EDITOR
Thousands of ampoules of a new influenza vaccine due to be given to elderly
West Australians this winter have been dumped after freezing on a flight to
Australia. About 10,000 people were due to be given the vaccine Fluad, which
is believed to be more effective than standard flu vaccines and therefore
better for people with lowered immunity or chronic disease. But when the
manufacturer Chiron was flying the vaccine from overseas laboratories to
Sydney the shipment was accidentally frozen and had to be discarded.
WA Health Department communicable diseases branch medical director Tony
Watson said he had been shocked to learn about the bungle last month. He was
told Chiron could not guarantee the quality of the shipment so the
Therapeutic Goods Administration could not approve it for use. Fluad is an
adjuvanted vaccine which means viral particles
are mixed with
other substances to help boost immunity and offer wider protection
against disease. WA doctors who were planning to give it their patients had
been told to use the standard influenza vaccine instead.
"After a lot of planning it all fell in a heap which was very disappointing
but there was no way the TGA could approve it and take any risk with it," Dr
Watson said. "We were looking at providing it as part of the funded flu
vaccination to selected high-risk people to gauge its acceptability in older
people. The vaccine has been in use in Europe for five or six years and uses
an oil-based
adjuvant instead of an aluminium-based one.
"This means it produces more antibodies and provides protection for longer
so is a stronger boost to the immune system. But the trade-off is that
it can cause more reaction at the injection site." Dr Watson said
it was too late to get extra stock of Fluad sent to Australia in time for
the winter flu season. There was no guarantee the vaccine would be funded
next season when a national tender would be called for flu vaccines.
Yesterday,Health Minister Jim McGinty launched this year's winter flu
campaign, urging people aged over 65 and those with chronic disease to have
their flu shot. He said that last year more than 1043 people were admitted
to WA hospitals for flu treatment, about 12 per cent more than the number of
cases in 2002.
http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/local/10162659.htm
San Jose Mercury News
Posted on Fri, Nov. 12, 2004
Food allergy vaccine promising
REACTIONS TO PEANUTS, WHEAT, MILK CURBED IN DOGS
By Esther Landhuis
Mercury News
It won't keep you from catching chickenpox, but a new vaccine developed by a
Stanford-led research team could one day enable millions of food allergy
sufferers to fearlessly bite into a peanut butter sandwich. Tested in dogs
thus far, the vaccine curbs allergic reactions to peanuts, milk and wheat.
``What we're trying to create is an immune response that protects against
allergies,'' said Dr. Dale Umetsu, the study's lead investigator and chief
of the division of allergy and immunology at Lucile Salter Packard
Children's Hospital at Stanford. His group describes its canine vaccines --
the first to block food allergies in an animal larger and more complex than
a mouse -- in a paper published online today in the journal Allergy.
The dogs in the study didn't
start off with food allergies; the scientists manipulated their immune
systems to mimic a human allergic response. Before getting
vaccinated, the dogs could barely eat one peanut before breaking out in a
skin rash. But 10 weeks after immunization, the animals devoured, on
average, more than 37 peanuts before developing symptoms....
This idea led him to mix into his food allergy vaccines a secret ingredient
-- dead bacteria -- hoping to trick the immune cells into responding as they
would against a routine pathogen. The end goal is different, though. Most
vaccines aim to boost the immune system so it can destroy the pathogen.
However, food allergy vaccines are designed to spur an immune reaction that
suppresses the overblown physiological responses of allergic individuals.
Before the dog vaccines can be tested in people, the Food and Drug
Administration requires additional experiments to test the vaccine's
toxicity.
Food allergy sufferers are eager for relief. Oakland freelance writer
Claudia Perry has a 5-year-old son whose peanut allergy is severe enough to
trigger life-threatening anaphylaxis. ``It's something that's really hard to
live with,'' Perry said. ``It's really scary that you have to be within 20
minutes of an emergency room. We're all hoping that the researchers find
something.''
Contact Esther Landhuis at elandhuis@mercurynews.com or (408) 920-5458.
From Dorlands medical dictionary....
adjuvant (ad·ju·vant) (aj´ə-vənt, ă-joo´vənt)
[L. adjuvans aiding] 1. assisting or aiding. 2. a
substance that aids another, such as an auxiliary remedy. 3. in
immunology, a nonspecific stimulator of the immune response, such
as BCG vaccine.
Adjuvant 65 trademark
for a water-in-oil emulsion containing antigen in
peanut oil with
Arlacel A and aluminum monostearate as the emulsifying agent.
[Read this as "the peanut oil will not appear as an
ingredient on the vaccine insert - bfg]
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http://www.vaccinetruth.org/peanut_oil.htm |