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Scientists have been studying the acid/alkaline conditions at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.



Natural carbon dioxide vents on the sea floor are showing scientists how carbon emissions will affect marine life.



Dissolved CO2 makes water more acidic, and around the vents, researchers saw a fall in species numbers, and snails with their shells disintegrating because of the increase of acid C02.



Writing in the journal Nature, the UK scientists suggest these impacts are likely to be seen across the world as CO2 levels rise in the atmosphere.



Some of the extra CO2 emitted enters the oceans, acidifying waters globally.



The only way of reducing the impact of ocean acidification is the urgent reduction in CO2 emissions.



"These same principals of acidification of the ocean also apply to the acidification of our body and the causative reason for the increase in cancer, heart disease, diabetes and all other degenerative diseases," states Dr. Robert O. Young, a research scientist at the pH Miracle Living Center.



"Studies have shown that the seas have become more acidic since the industrial revolution," states Carol Turley. of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory.



Research leader Jason Hall-Spencer from the University of Plymouth said that atmospheric CO2 concentrations were now so high that even a sharp fall in emissions would not prevent some further acidification of the ocean.



"It's clear that marine food webs as we know them are going to alter, and biodiversity will decrease," he told BBC News.



"Those impacts are inevitable because acidification is inevitable - we've started it, and we can't stop it."



Corals construct their external skeletons by extracting dissolved calcium carbonate from seawater and using it to form two minerals, calcite and aragonite. Molluscs use the same process to make their shells.



As water becomes more acidic, the concentration of calcium carbonate falls. Eventually there is so little that shells or skeletons cannot form.



The oceans are thought to have absorbed about half of the extra CO2 put into the atmosphere in the industrial age. This has lowered its pH by 0.1 pH is the measure of acidity and alkalinity.



The vast majority of liquids lie between pH 0 (highly acidic) and pH 14 (highly alkaline); 7 is the midpoint of the pH scale. Seawater is mildly alkaline with a "natural" pH of about 8.2.



The IPCC forecasts that ocean pH will fall by "between 0.14 and 0.35 units over the 21st Century, adding to the present decrease of 0.1 units since pre-industrial times."



Around the vents which Dr Hall-Spencer's team investigated, in the Mediterranean Sea near the Italian coast, CO2 bubbling into the water forms

a sort of natural laboratory for studying the impacts of acidified water on marine life.



Globally, the seas now have an average pH of about 8.1 - down about 0.1 since the dawn of the industrial age.



Around the vents, it fell as low as 7.4 in some places. But even at 7.8 to 7.9, the number of species present was 30% down compared with neighboring areas.



Coral was absent, and species of algae that use calcium carbonate were displaced in favour of species that do not use it.



Snails were seen with their shells dissolving. There were no snails at all in zones with a pH of 7.4.



Meanwhile, sea grasses thrived, perhaps because they benefit from the extra carbon in the water.



These observations confirm that some of the processes seen in laboratory experiments and some of the predictions made by computer models of ocean ecosystems do also happen in the real world.



"I can't count the number of times that scientific talks end with 'responses have not yet been documented in the field'," said Elliott Norse, president of the Marine Conservation Biology Institute (MCBI).



"This paper puts that to rest for several ecologically important marine groups."



The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that without measures to restrain carbon dioxide emissions, ocean pH is likely to fall to about 7.8 by 2100.



This suggests that some of the impacts seen around the Mediterranean vents might be widespread.



"I think we will see the same pattern in other parts of the world, because we're talking about keystone species such as mussels and limpets and barnacles

being lost as pH drops," said Dr Hall-Spencer.



The IPCC suggests that some areas, notably the Southern Ocean, might feel the impacts at lower concentrations of CO2.



Last month, scientists reported that water with CO2 levels high enough to be "corrosive" to marine life was rising up off the western US coast.



Bottom water naturally contains more CO2 than at shallower depths. This scientific team argues that human emissions have pushed these levels

even higher, contributing to pH values as low 7.5 in waters heavily used by US fishermen.



"If [pH 7.8] is a universal 'tipping point', then it indicates that sections of the western coast waters off North America may have passed this threshold during periods when this upwelling of waters high in CO2 occurs," commented Carol Turley from Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), who was not involved in the Mediterranean Sea study (PML is not affiliated with Plymouth University).



Organisms such as coral are also damaged by rising temperatures, and studies are ongoing into the combined effect of a warming and acidifying ocean.



Seagrasses were among the few beneficiaries of more acid waters. There is much to learn. And during the coming week, scientists will announce the inauguration of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (Epoca), a four-year, 16m euro (£12.5m) initiative aiming to find some answers.



Studying the impacts may prove easier than doing anything about them.



"The reason that the oceans are becoming more acidic is because of the CO2 emissions that we are producing from burning fossil fuels," observed Dr Turley.



"Add CO2 to seawater and you get carbonic acid; it's simple chemistry, and therefore certain.



"This means that the only way of reducing the future impact of ocean acidification is the urgent, substantial reduction in CO2 emissions."



According to Dr. Young, "ocean acidification is the macro view of our oceans becoming sick and tired and the primary causative factor in global warming.

The death and extinction of marine life is the result of this acidification which can be prevented with alkalizing measures."



"Body acidification is the micro view of our internal oceans becoming sick and tired and the primary causative factor in body warming or all sickness and dis-ease. The death and extinction of the human race will be a result of an over-acidification of the blood and tissues due to an inverted way of living, eating and thinking. This is what scientist have determined happened to the extinction of the Mayan Race. We can prevent all sickness and dis-ease (cancer, heart dis-ease, diabetes, etc.) and the potential extinction of the human race by learning how to maintain the alkaline design of our body. These life changing and life saving principals are taught in our pH Miracle books, DVD's and CD's."



To learn how to maintain the alkaline design of your body and prevent body warming go to:



http://www.phmiracleliving.com/books.htm

http://www.phmiracleliving.com/audios.htm

http://www.phmiracleliving.com/videos.htm



Not part of our healing alkaline community?

Visit our website at:



www.phmiracleliving.com



To learn more about the Science of Dr. Robert and Shelley Young go to:



www.articlesofhealth.blogspot.com



'Miracles happen not in opposition to nature, but in opposition to what we know of nature.' St. Augustine



'Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic' ....Arthur C. Clarke



'There are only two ways to live your life. One, is as though there are no miracles. The other is as though everything is a miracle.' Albert Einstein



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