There are a few theories on this. None of which I can prove, so I don't go into them. Maybe T will chime in. But I'll give you my opinion on this ponzi scheme. Everyone has an opinion right? :-)
There was a traveling salesman that pulled into a town looking for a motel room. He plunks down a $100 bill at the motel desk and says he wants to look at the room before paying for it and will come back and let him know if he wants the room or not.
The motel clerk takes the $100 bill and runs over to the doctors office and pays his doctor bill. The doctor runs over to the butcher and pays his bill there. The butcher runs and pays his hooker. She takes it and runs back over to the motel and pays her bill there.
The salesman comes back and decides he doesn't want the room and leaves the town.
$400 worth of transactions took place, but no one had any money and it didn't increase the net worth of anyone or the city. And the money? It was never really in the town.
And another part of the ponzi scheme is I own all the money, and the only way you can have any money is by borrowing it from me. So you want to borrow $100 from me, and agree to pay the .25% interest I charge to loan you the money.
But wait, if you pay back the $100, how do you pay the .25% interest. ;-) You can't, you only had $100. You have to borrow more money but you will never pay back all the money you owe. Once you borrow ANY money under those terms, I will bankrupt you. That's what the federal reserve is doing to the US.
Now imagine me going to a bank and depositing $100 in it. The bank is allowed to "lend" (create money out of thin air like you said)up to 10 times that amount. ($1,000) But banks are totally ignore that rule and lend out 30, 40 or 50 times the amount I put in the bank.
This is why the economy is not recovering. When the real economy is 30-50 times less than their books say, how could we ever bailout 30-50 times more then it's worth? There isn't that much money. The banksters got caught with their hands, feet and everything else in the cookie jar stealing cookies and can't possibly pay for the cookies now.
So see how it's a ponzi scheme? None of it is real in my opinion. Our money isn't worth anything except for, like Obuggerhead says, "the good faith and credit of the United States." It's not backed by something precious like gold or silver. They have a "legal" counterfeiting operation going on like you said. And do you owe anything that is blatantly a fraud? No. Fraud is illegal, and no one can make you pay for something that is illegal except our corrupt "government."
The only reason all of this is working, is because we allow it. We participate in their ponzi scheme. All of it is like a ghost passing by, or a bad dream in my opinion. It appears to exist and be real, but it's not real. It's like the story of the salesman. All these transactions are occurring, when nothing of value is really happening. They're trading ones and zeros and that's it. The country is bankrupt. So "where does it go" you ask? It was never there. That's my opinion on all of it. And when the whole thing flops, we can just tell them to read our middle finger, you ain't getting anything from us. Come and take it.