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Acetaldehyde scavenger hunt
Describes the attributes of an "ideal" acetaldehyde scavenger
Date: 9/30/2012 1:54:52 PM ( 12 y ) ... viewed 13322 times What makes something an "ideal" acetaldehyde scavenger?
Acetaldehyde is so reactive that almost anything it bumps into in the body can function as a de facto acetaldehyde scavenger. The problem with this is that the intended function of an essential structure or substance is then compromised by the presence of the acetaldehyde adduct. Introducing exogenous substances that react with acetaldehyde runs the risk, just like any drug, of side effects either before or after acetaldehyde interaction.
The question also arises as to whether the scavenger itself should have antifungal properties. Since Candida albicans doesn't acquiesce when antifungally challenged, shifting from budding cells to invasive hyphal cells and increasing acetaldehyde emission in other sub-colonies throughout the body, it is probably better initially if the scavenger is not an antifungal. Then the oral scavenging step can be separated from the yeast-challenging aspects of the protocol [1] without setting off the symptom-shifting cascade that appears when the yeast is aggravated. Mopping up acetaldehyde before it comes into contact with anything essential allows the body to recover from the continuous exposure to this toxin and to prepare for the more arduous task of actually reducing the yeast colonization levels. Individuals with a long history of chronic disease may need this time to rebuild sufficient stamina to continue with the remaining steps of the protocol.
The general rule, then, of acetaldehyde scavenging is to find a non-toxic, non-essential substance with the following characteristics:
• attractive irreversible binding site(s) for acetaldehyde
• minimal biochemical side effects both before and after acetaldehyde binding
• mode of delivery that allows it to come into contact with and persist in areas of potential yeast-released acetaldehyde
• minimal intrinsic antifungal properties so as not to provoke the yeast into an invasive morphic phase shift
• non-interference with nutrient absorption
The motivation here is that if acetaldehyde reacts with the scavenger (i.e. antidote to the yeast's venom), it doesn't react with anything else and since yeast-released acetaldehyde appears to be the upstream cause of so many different downstream disease states, then removing its dangerous aldehyde properties at the point of release will have an ameliorating effect on all of the body's metabolism.
Since acetaldehyde itself is so reactive, there are many diverse substances that will combine with it. This may be why there are so many different substances that produce results across a variety of disease states:
See "Acetaldehyde + Sulfur Compounds" http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1945039
See "Acetaldehyde + Carbonyls/Esters" http://curezone.com/blogs/fm.asp?i=1989754
See "Acetaldehyde + Quinones" http://curezone.com/blogs/fm.asp?i=1990595
See "Acetaldehyde + Hormones/Drugs" http://curezone.com/blogs/fm.asp?i=1991266
See "Acetaldehyde + Humic Acids" http://curezone.com/blogs/fm.asp?i=1991592
Satisfying all of the stated constraints while at the same time trying to reduce the source of acetaldehyde production is a non-trivial task. Specificity of the antidote is crucial -- ideally acetaldehyde and nothing else. Even the usage of increased quantities of the amino acid cysteine, which binds readily to acetaldehyde to form a thiazolidine:
See "Cysteine + Acetaldehyde" http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1973900
may precipitate unexpected problems in down-regulated uptake absorption pathways leading to "acquired nutrient absorption disorder" [2] and paradoxical deficiency symptoms.
If acetaldehyde finds the highly electronegative oxygen attached to a carbonyl an attractive binding site, then the larger and more electronegative sulfur is an even better target. The comparable sizes between acetaldehyde and the heavy metal mercury atom demonstrate why the polarized acetaldehyde molecule can wreak just as much havoc in the body as a heavy metal mercury cation.
(Experimental spectral data [3,4] with adjustments for bonding, etc. place the acetaldehyde molecule slightly larger than shown but still in the same size range.) Both oxygen and sulfur are in the same group in the periodic table. One might expect the element in the same group in the next row down, selenium, to be an even better bait for acetaldehyde and this is likely true except that selenium compounds are so highly reactive that they are too dangerous to even consider. Although the body does utilize the specialized amino acid selenocysteine in rapid turnover enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, it synthesizes this "on-demand" rather than keeping a free pool in the cells.
See "Selenocysteine" http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1984545
Sulfurating alpha-linolenic acid by heating flax oil with a small amount of elemental sulfur:
See "Wondro for One" http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1960885
creates a molecular configuration that may look something like the following:
where the sulfur has reacted into the double-bond carbon-to-carbon linkages. Variations on the distribution and saturation of sulfur sites is possible depending upon the quantity of sulfur used in the reaction. A similar structure, wondreic acid, with potentially two disulfide linkages could be expected to be formed from the linoleic acid constituent of flax oil.
How does this substance fare when assessed against the above criteria for an acetaldehyde scavenger? The disulfides in this structure would be very attractive and irreversible binding sites for acetaldehyde, sparing any other reactive sites or substances in the body from this toxin. Disulfides are common structural elements in many biological configurations so that this molecule in and of itself would not be unusual or reactively threatening to other human enzymes or tissue. But since it doesn't occur naturally in the body in this form, introducing it doesn't interfere with any active processes, one way or another. This means that it should act as a highly specific acetaldehyde trap without side effects. Other than the pungent characteristic odor, those who took it noticed a slight tingling effect upon exposure to direct sunlight. The mechanism for this was not known but it was not particularly bothersome, nor did it develop into anything beyond that. The oily viscous consistency of the vulcanized fatty acid allowed it to persist in an aqueous environment by coating epithelial tissue and yeast membranes, essentially both ready and waiting to intercept released acetaldehyde. It didn't appear to be an intrinsic antifungal since there were no yeast backlash reactions experienced (something quite noticeable even with garlic supplementation, for example).
The results that were obtained by those who felt compelled to share their experience [5] were so dramatic across such a wide cross-section of disease states that the biochemical connections between yeast, acetaldehyde and disease [6] as explored in this series are echoed in their personal accounts of recovery.
A slightly simpler version (odorless and without heating) that attempts to mimic the effects of Wondro using a flax oil emulsion has been proposed and consumed with favorable results on a daily basis for several months without any negative repercussions. It contains less combined sulfur and may not be quite as effective as the wondrenic/wondreic acid version:
See "Wondro Alternative Protocol" http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=1960093
At the biochemical level, the slightest shift of the position of an atom in a structure can change something that is benign and helpful in the body into something that is toxic. Leaving no stone unturned while searching for the ideal acetaldehyde scavenger is an important step in the journey to understanding and solving this problem.
[1] "Minimalist Approach to the Yeast Problem" and "Yeast Abatement Protocol" in "Astrophysiology… and Yeast", 2011.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/74090699
http://www.epubbud.com/book.php?g=7JQU45V8
[2] "Pseudo Deficiencies" in "Astrophysiology… and Yeast", Ibid.
[3] Kilb R.W. et al., "Calculation of energy levels for internal torsion and overall rotation. 2. CH3CHO type molecules. Acetaldehyde spectra," J. Chem. Phys., 26, No. 6, 1695-1703 (1957).
http://jcp.aip.org/resource/1/jcpsa6/v26/i6/p1695_s1
[4] Lobanov V.V., "Electronic and spatial structure of positive and negative molecular ions of acetaldehyde", Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry, 1982, Volume 18, Number 5, Pages 564-569
http://www.springerlink.com/content/f4412p7579733266
[5] "Wondro Testimonials Pamphlet" , circa 1930's
http://www.scribd.com/doc/76584628
http://www.epubbud.com/book.php?g=W4S59AQF
[6] "Wondro -- Inside Out", 2012
http://www.scribd.com/doc/101099776
http://www.epubbud.com/book.php?g=7D42SJH6
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